Table 4.

Postoperative Outcomes According to PA Tertile

Outcome	Total	PA ≤4.5°	PA 4.6°–5.5°	PA ≥5.6°	P Value
STS predicted risk
Mortality, %	1.9±1.9	3.0±2.6	1.8±1.3	1.0±0.7	<0.001
Morbidity or mortality, %	14.3±8.1	18.6±10.2	13.9±6.3	10.3±4.5	<0.001
Long length of stay, %	6.1±4.7	8.7±6.0	5.8±3.7	3.7±2.2	<0.001
Postoperative outcomes
ICU length of stay, h	57±119	76±171	61±111	34±35	<0.001
Hospital length of stay, d	13±23	21±37	10±11	9±6	<0.001
Discharge to rehabilitation or nursing home	64 (23)	34 (38)	21 (20)	9 (11)	<0.001
Death at 1 mo	10 (4)	7 (8)	3 (3)	0 (0)	0.006
Death at 12 mo	16 (9)	11 (19)	5 (7)	0 (0)	<0.001
Readmission at 1 mo	38 (14)	15 (18)	12 (12)	11 (13)	0.43
Readmission at 12 mo	39 (26)	19 (43)	10 (17)	10 (20)	0.02
STS composite major morbidity	70 (25)	33 (37)	28 (27)	9 (11)	<0.001
Postoperative complications
Stroke	4 (1)	1 (1)	1 (1)	2 (2)	0.49
Sepsis	6 (2)	4 (4)	1 (1)	1 (1)	0.13
Prolonged ventilation	34 (12)	15 (17)	13 (12)	6 (7)	0.06
Acute kidney injury	58 (21)	27 (30)	21 (20)	10 (12)	0.003
Dialysis	3 (1)	3 (3)	0 (0)	0 (0)	0.03
Myocardial infarction	4 (1)	2 (2)	2 (2)	0 (0)	0.22
Bleeding	59 (21)	26 (29)	24 (23)	9 (11)	0.003
Vascular complication	12 (4)	7 (8)	3 (3)	2 (2)	0.08
Atrial fibrillation	90 (32)	30 (34)	36 (34)	24 (29)	0.51
Cardiac arrest	10 (4)	5 (6)	4 (4)	1 (1)	0.12
Delirium	56 (23)	25 (32)	20 (21)	11 (14)	0.007

Data are given as mean±SD or number (percentage). ICU indicates intensive care unit; PA, phase angle; STS, Society of Thoracic Surgeons.