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. 2018 Oct 11;2018:3549312. doi: 10.1155/2018/3549312

Table 4.

The structure, cells, category, source, and mechanism of alkaloids on inhibiting VSMCs abnormal proliferation, migration, and functions.

Compound name Structure Cells and animals Category Sources Mechanism
Piperine graphic file with name ECAM2018-3549312.tab4.i001.jpg rASMCs Alkaloid Piper nigrum Selectively inhibit VSMCs
Coptisine graphic file with name ECAM2018-3549312.tab4.i002.jpg rVSMCs Alkaloid Coptis chinensis Arrest G1/S phase
Vinpocetine graphic file with name ECAM2018-3549312.tab4.i003.jpg rVSMCs and rat balloon injury; rASMCs and mice carotid artery ligation injury Alkaloid vincamine Lesser periwinkle plants (1) ROS ↓; apoptosis ↓; pAkt ↓; pJNK1/2 ↓; IκBα ↓; PCNA ↓; cyclin D ↓; Bcl-2 ↓, (2) Arrest G1/S phase; cyclin D1 ↓; p27Kip1 ↑; inhibit migration; pERK1/2 ↓; ROS ↓
Halofuginone graphic file with name ECAM2018-3549312.tab4.i004.jpg bASMCs Quinazolinone alkaloid Dichroa febrifuga ECM synthesis and deposition ↓; Col I ↓
Murrayafoline A graphic file with name ECAM2018-3549312.tab4.i005.jpg rASMCs Carbazole alkaloid Glycosmis stenocarpa Guillaumin Arrest G1/S phase; cyclin D1/E ↓; CDK2/4 ↓; PCNA ↓; pRb ↓