Table 4.

Co-infection prevalence (%) between studied pathogens in I. ricinus and I. persulcatus samples

Species	Collection area	No. of ticks analysed	No. (%) of ticks co-infected	B. b. (s.l.) + Rickettsia spp.	B. b. (s.l.) + Anaplasma spp.	B. b. (s.l.) + Babesia spp.	B. b. (s.l.) + “Ca. N. mikurensis”	Babesia spp. + Rickettsia spp.	Anaplasma spp. + Rickettsia spp.
I. ricinus	1	994	33 (3.2)	17 (1.6)	2 (0.2)	3 (0.3)	6 (0.6)	1 (0.1)	4 (0.4)
	2	998	16 (1.6)	13 (1.3)	1 (0.1)	0	0	2 (0.2)	0
	3	5	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
	a	17	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Subtotal		2014	49 (2.4)	30 (1.5)	3 (0.2)	3 (0.2)	6 (0.3)	3 (0.2)	4 (0.2)
I. persulcatus	1	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
	2	1160	9 (0.8)	9 (0.8)	0	0	0	0	0
	3	261	2 (0.8)	2 (0.8)	0	0	0	0	0
	a	30	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Subtotal		1451	11 (0.8)	11 (0.8)	0	0	0	0	0
Total		3465	60 (1.7)	41 (1.2)	3 (0.1)	3 (0.1)	6 (0.2)	3 (0.1)	4 (0.1)

Abbreviations: B.b. (s.l.), Borrelia burgdorferi (s.l.); 1, I. ricinus-dominated area in south Finland; 2, sympatric area of both species in middle Finland; 3, I. persulcatus-dominated area in north Finland (Fig. 1a)

^aTick samples that were not categorized into collection areas due to inaccurate collection information provided by citizens