Table 1. Spermogram and hormonal parameters for ZIKV-infected and asymptomatic individuals in Sao Paulo, Brazil, compared to international (WHO) reference standards.
| Patient 1 | Patient 2 | Patient 3 | Patient 4 | Patient 5 | Patient 6 | Asymptomatic individuals* (N=17) | Reference values ** | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Age (years) | 61 | 70 | 44 | 38 | 49 | 66 | 33 (30-35) | |
| Months after ZIKV infection | 12 | 11 | 12 | 12 | 12 | NA | – | |
| Sperm concentration per ml | 8.9 × 106 | 17.0 × 106 | 60.0 × 106 | 43.0 × 106 | 26.0 × 106 | NA | 33 (22-60) | >15.0×106 |
| Progressive motility, % | 2.5 | NA | NA | 22 | 14 | NA | 42 (32-54) | >32% |
| Morphology strict criteria (Kruger), % | 2 | 3 | 4 | 2 | 3 | 3 | 2 (2-2) | >4% |
| Hormonal parameters | ||||||||
| FSH, IU/L | 8.1 | 3.5 | 4.5 | 3.1 | 3.3 | 2.3 | NT | <10.0 |
| LH, IU/L | NT | 3.4 | 3.7 | 3.3 | 6.0 | 2.4 | NT | <9.0 |
| Testosterone, ng/dL | 395 | 334 | 548 | 322 | 346 | 286 | NT | 240-816 |
| Inhibin B, pg/mL | 79 | 138 | 119 | 153 | 114 | 123 | NT | 47-308 |
*
Men without a history of ZIKV symptoms and without infertility antecedents who collected semen samples in the same region and period. Data for asymptomatic participants is presented as medians and interquartile ranges.
**
Reference values are WHO LRL (low reference limits) for spermiogram; and Brazilian laboratory own range for hormonal levels. FSH=follicle stimulating hormone; LH=luteinizing hormone; NT=not tested.