Table 3.

Multivariable associations of parental longevity with healthy survival to age 90 among postmenopausal women from the Women’s Health Initiative, 1993–2017

	Healthy survival to age 90 vs. usual survival to age 90a		Death before age 90 vs. usual survival to age 90
	Crudeb	Multivariable-adjustedc,d	Crudeb	Multivariable-adjustedc,d
	OR (95% CI)		OR (95% CI)
Maternal survival, years
<70	1.02 (0.90–1.15)	1.05 (0.92–1.20)	0.98 (0.89–1.07)	0.95 (0.86–1.05)
70–79	1.00 [ref]	1.00 [ref]	1.00 [ref]	1.00 [ref]
80–89	1.12 (0.99–1.25)	1.08 (0.96–1.23)	0.94 (0.86–1.02)	0.95 (0.86–1.04)
≥90	1.29 (1.15–1.45)	1.25 (1.11–1.42)	0.72 (0.65–0.79)	0.75 (0.68–0.83)
Paternal survival, years
<70	0.89 (0.81–0.99)	0.90 (0.81–1.00)	1.02 (0.95–1.11)	1.00 (0.92–1.09)
70–79	1.00 [ref]	1.00 [ref]	1.00 [ref]	1.00 [ref]
80–89	1.01 (0.90–1.12)	0.98 (0.87–1.10)	0.93 (0.86–1.02)	0.96 (0.87–1.06)
≥90	1.12 (0.98–1.29)	1.11 (0.96–1.29)	0.74 (0.66–0.83)	0.79 (0.70–0.90)
Number of long-lived parents
No parent lived to 90	1.00 [ref]	1.00 [ref]	1.00 [ref]	1.00 [ref]
Only father lived to 90	1.12 (0.96–1.31)	1.12 (0.95–1.32)	0.75 (0.66–0.85)	0.80 (0.70–0.92)
Only mother lived to 90	1.20 (1.09–1.33)	1.19 (1.06–1.32)	0.75 (0.69–0.81)	0.80 (0.73–0.87)
Both mother and father lived to 90	1.45 (1.16–1.81)	1.38 (1.09–1.75)	0.64 (0.52–0.79)	0.68 (0.54–0.85)

CI, confidence interval; OR, odds ratio.

^aHealthy survival defined as: survival to age 90 free of major chronic diseases (coronary heart disease, stroke, cancer, diabetes or hip fracture) and physical limitations.

^bCrude model adjusted for age and race/ethnicity.

^cMultivariable model adjusted for age, race/ethnicity, study component (observational study or clinical trial), education, marital status, smoking, alcohol consumption, diet quality, body mass index, depressive symptoms, physical activity and self-rated health.

^dMaternal longevity: P-value for trend = 0.008 (healthy survival) and 0.001 (death); paternal longevity: P-value for trend = 0.006 (healthy survival) and 0.008 (death).