Table I.
Characteristics of women by body mass index, S-PRESTO study, 2015-2017 (n=477)
| Body mass index, kg/m2 |
||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Characteristics | Total (n=477) | <18.5 (n=43) | 18.5-22.9 (n=230) | 23-27.4 (n=130) | ≥27.5 (n=74) | pa |
| Age (years), n (%) | 0.378 | |||||
| <30 | 176 (36.9) | 18 (41.9) | 85 (37.0) | 46 (35.4) | 27 (36.5) | |
| 30-34 | 239 (50.1) | 23 (53.5) | 118 (51.3) | 60 (46.2) | 38 (51.4) | |
| ≥35 | 62 (13.0) | 2 (4.7) | 27 (11.7) | 24 (18.5) | 9 (12.2) | |
| Ethnicity, n (%) | <0.001 | |||||
| Chinese | 362 (75.9) | 38 (88.4) | 196 (85.2) | 93 (71.5) | 35 (47.3) | |
| Malay | 54 (11.3) | 2 (4.7) | 13 (5.7) | 20 (15.4) | 19 (25.7) | |
| Indian | 50 (10.5) | 3 (7.0) | 16 (7.0) | 15 (11.5) | 16 (21.6) | |
| Mix | 11 (2.3) | 0 | 5 (2.2) | 2 (1.5) | 4 (5.4) | |
| Highest education level, n (%) | <0.001 | |||||
| Non-tertiaty | 141 (29.6) | 5 (11.6) | 51 (22.2) | 38 (29.2) | 47 (63.5) | |
| Tertiary | 336 (70.4) | 38 (88.4) | 179 (77.8) | 92 (70.8) | 27 (36.5) | |
| Parity, n (%) | 0.005 | |||||
| Nulliparous | 301 (63.1) | 30 (69.8) | 159 (69.1) | 77 (59.2) | 35 (47.3) | |
| Parous | 176 (36.9) | 13 (30.2) | 71 (30.9) | 53 (40.8) | 39 (52.7) | |
| Cycle regularity,b n (%) | 0.155 | |||||
| Regular | 326 (68.3) | 32 (74.4) | 164 (71.3) | 87 (66.9) | 43 (58.1) | |
| Irregular | 151 (31.7) | 11 (25.6) | 66 (28.7) | 43 (33.1) | 31 (41.9) | |
| Cycle length,c n (%) | 0.162 | |||||
| <28 days | 72 (15.1) | 6 (14.0) | 36 (15.7) | 24 (18.5) | 6 (8.1) | |
| 28-30 days | 243 (50.9) | 25 (58.1) | 124 (53.9) | 59 (45.4) | 35 (47.3) | |
| >30 days | 162 (34.0) | 12 (27.9) | 70 (30.4) | 47 (36.2) | 33 (44.6) | |
| Age at menarche, n (%) | <0.001 | |||||
| <12 years | 134 (28.1) | 5 (11.6) | 52 (22.6) | 43 (33.1) | 34 (45.9) | |
| 12-13 years | 254 (53.2) | 25 (58.1) | 126 (54.8) | 70 (53.8) | 33 (44.6) | |
| >13 years | 89 (18.7) | 13 (30.2) | 52 (22.6) | 17 (13.1) | 7 (9.5) | |
| Alcohol intake, n (%) | 0.014 | |||||
| No | 234 (49.1) | 16 (37.2) | 106 (46.1) | 64 (49.2) | 48 (64.9) | |
| Yes | 243 (50.9) | 27 (62.8) | 124 (53.9) | 66 (50.8) | 26 (35.1) | |
| Smoking exposure, n (%) | 0.004 | |||||
| No | 383 (80.3) | 41 (95.3) | 181 (78.7) | 109 (83.8) | 52 (70.3) | |
| Yes | 94 (19.7) | 2 (4.7) | 49 (21.3) | 21 (16.2) | 22 (29.7) | |
| Physical activity,d n (%) | 0.910 | |||||
| Inactive | 68 (14.3) | 5 (11.6) | 37 (16.1) | 18 (13.8) | 8 (10.8) | |
| Minimally active | 247 (51.8) | 24 (55.8) | 118 (51.3) | 68 (52.3) | 37 (50.0) | |
| HEPA active | 162 (34.0) | 14 (32.6) | 75 (32.6) | 44 (33.8) | 29 (39.2) | |
S-PRESTO, Singapore PREconception Study of long-Term maternal and child Outcomes; HEPA, health enhancing physical activity.
a
p based on Fisher's exact
b
Based on self-reported data where irregular cycle was defined as varing by more than 5 days between periods in the past 6 months.
c
Based on self-reported data at baseline where the average cycle length was computed from the range of usual cycles between the start of one period and the start of the next period.
d
Classified according to the International Physical Activity Questionnaire guidelines for data processing and analysis.