Table 1. Characteristics of study sample with or without betel nut chewing.
| Variables | Betel nut chewing (-) (N = 17325) |
Betel nut chewing (+) (N = 1262) |
P Value |
|---|---|---|---|
| Continuous Variables, mean (SD) | |||
| Age (years) | 46.04 (13.11) | 46.89 (11.54) | <0.05 |
| BMI (kg/m2) | 24.02 (3.72) | 25.97 (3.62) | <0.01 |
| LDL-C (mg/dL) | 117.44 (31.86) | 119.83 (35.16) | <0.05 |
| Uric acid (mg/dL) | 5.75 (1.49) | 6.61 (1.52) | <0.01 |
| Creatinine (mg/dL) | 0.84 (0.31) | 0.96 (0.26) | <0.01 |
| AST (U/L) | 21.05 (11.66) | 23.07 (11.88) | <0.01 |
| Albumin (g/dL) | 4.46 (0.28) | 4.49 (0.28) | <0.01 |
| hsCRP (mg/dL) | 0.22 (0.46) | 0.32 (0.68) | <0.01 |
| TSH (IU/mL) | 2.25 (1.62) | 2.18 (2.19) | 0.18 |
| Category Variables, (%) | |||
| Gender (male) | 9002 (58.2) | 824 (98.3) | <0.01 |
| Proteinuria | 4297 (27.3) | 311 (34.7) | <0.01 |
| Smoking | 4499 (25.6) | 877 (89.9) | <0.01 |
| Drinking | 7921 (45.1) | 827 (85.5) | <0.01 |
BMI, body mass index; LDL-C, low density lipoprotein cholesterol; UA, uric acid; Cr, creatinine; AST, aspartate aminotransferase; hsCRP, high sensitive C-reactive protein; TSH, thyroid stimulating hormone.