Table 1.
Baseline characteristics of three MMSE groups
| Variables | MMSE ≥23 | MMSE 19–23 | P-value | MMSE ≤19 |
|---|---|---|---|---|
|
| ||||
| Number of participants | 54 | 60 | 49 | |
| Male, % | 33.3 (18) | 8.3 (5) | 12.5 (6) | 0.001 |
| Age, years | 82.8 (81.4–84.3) | 82.3 (80.9–84.3) | 83.5 (81.6–85.6) | 0.13 |
| Current smokers, % | 13.0 (7) | 8.3 (5) | 2.0 (1) | 0.11 |
| Previous CVD, % | 5.6 (3) | 1.7 (1) | 6.1 (3) | 0.05 |
| Treatment group, % | 37.0 (20) | 51.7 (31) | 55.1 (27) | 0.14 |
| Body mass index, kg/m2 | 22.3 (21.1–23.5) | 22.2 (21.1–23.9) | 23.1 (22.5–23.9) | 0.06 |
| Hemoglobin, g/dL | 12.0±1.4 | 12.0±1.2 | 11.7±1.4 | 0.44 |
| Fasting glucose, mmol/L | 4.8 (4.3–5.5) | 4.9 (4.2–5.6) | 4.9 (4.4–5.3) | 1.00 |
| Total cholesterol, mmol/L | 4.8±0.8 | 4.7±0.6 | 4.5±0.8 | 0.08 |
| Serum uric acid, µmol/L | 268 (220–313) | 231 (182–276) | 238 (196–284) | 0.04 |
| Systolic BP, mmHg | 175 (167–188) | 172 (163–182) | 174 (165–184) | 0.50 |
| Diastolic BP, mmHg | 89 (79–93) | 88 (80–93) | 87 (77–93) | 0.87 |
| Serum creatinine, µmol/L | 115 (102–130) | 115 (104–129) | 117 (106–128) | 0.95 |
| eGFR, mL/min/1.73 m2 | 48.9±6.3 | 46.3±6.9 | 46.4±7.0 | 0.08 |
| The MMSE score | 24 (23–26) | 21 (20–22) | 19 (18–19) | ,0.001 |
| All-cause mortality, % | 5.6 (3) | 11.7 (7) | 28.6 (14) | 0.003 |
| Cardiovascular mortality, % | 1.9 (1) | 8.3 (5) | 16.3 (8) | 0.002 |
Note: Data are presented as percentage (n) or mean ± SD or median (interquartile range).
Abbreviations: BP, blood pressure; eGFR, estimated glomerular filtration rate; MMSE, mini-mental state examination; CVD, cardiovascular disease.