Table 2.

Comparison of upper extremity functions (FMA, MAL) for two groups.

		Experimental group (n = 9)		Control group (n = 9)		Experimental vs control change score		p
		Pre	Post	Pre	Post	Experimental change score	Control change score	p1	p2	p3	p4
FMA Total		28.44±8.99	49.78±4.02	24.89±9.12	44.11±16.25	21.33±8.54	19.22±9.90	0.479	0.008‡	0.008‡	0.691
FMA subtest	Shoulder/Elbow/Forearm	15.89±6.49	26.11±2.15	14.89±5.84	22.89±3.95	10.22±6.91	8.00±5.87	0.929	0.011†	0.008‡	0.595
	Wrist	4.67±0.71	7.78±1.39	3.67±2.18	7.33±1.58	3.11±1.36	3.67±1.58	0.305	0.010†	0.007‡	0.818
	Hand	5.00±2.78	9.78±1.20	3.78±2.22	8.22±0.67	4.78±2.44	4.44±1.94	0.306	0.008‡	0.008‡	0.721
	Coordination & speed	1.89±0.93	4.33±1.12	1.56±.73	4.33±1.00	2.44±1.24	2.78±0.83	0.313	0.007‡	0.006‡	0.295
MAL(AOU)		0.78±0.40	2.91±0.57	0.80±0.35	2.44±0.41	2.13±0.54	1.63±0.52	1.000	0.008‡	0.008‡	0.047†
MAL(QOM)		0.96±0.38	2.80±0.47	0.93±0.41	2.40±0.42	1.84±0.58	1.47±0.61	0.930	0.008‡	0.008‡	0.402

Values are presented as mean ± SD.

^†p < .05;

^‡p < .01.

p1 = differences at baseline; p2 = differences pre/post measures for experimental group; p3 = differences pre/post measures for control group; p4 = differences change score between experimental and control group; OT = occupational therapy; FMA = fugl-meyer assessment; MAL = motor activity log; AOU = amount of use; QOM = quality of movement.