Table 1.
Recommendation-consistent colorectal cancer screening among adults 50–75, 2015 National Health Interview Survey.
| Demographics | Total un- weighted sample size |
Recommendation- consistent screening (1) |
Colonoscopy within the past 10 years (2) |
FOBT within the past year (3) |
Sigmoidoscopy within the past 5 years & FOBT within the past 3 years (4) |
p-Value for demographic subgroup differences < .05h |
p-Value for demographic subgroup differences < .001h |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Weighted % (95% CI) |
Weighted % (95% CI) |
Weighted % (95% CI) |
Weighted % (95% CI) |
||||
| Overall | 12,541 | 61.3 (60.0–62.6) | 58.3 (57.0–59.6) | 7.1 (6.5–7.8) | 0.7 (0.5–0.9) | ||
| Age | |||||||
| 50–64 | 7889 | 56.4 (54.7–58.0) | 53.4 (51.8–55.1) | 5.9 (5.2–6.7) | 0.6 (0.4–0.9) | 1,2,3 | 1,2,3 |
| 65–75 | 4652 | 71.7 (69.9–73.5) | 68.5 (66.7–70.3) | 9.6 (8.4–11.0) | 0.9 (0.6–1.3) | ||
| Sex | |||||||
| Male | 5703 | 60.7 (58.9–62.5) | 57.6 (55.8–59.3) | 7.5 (6.6–8.6) | 1.0 (0.7–1.5) | 4 | |
| Female | 6838 | 62.0 (60.3–63.6) | 59.1 (57.4–60.7) | 6.8 (6.0–7.6) | 0.35 (0.2–0.5) | ||
| Race/ethnicity | |||||||
| Non-Hispanic white | 8557 | 64.2 (62.6–65.7) | 61.5 (59.9–63.0) | 6.8 (6.1–7.6) | 0.7 (0.5–1.0) | 1,2,4 | 1,2,4 |
| Non-Hispanic black | 1683 | 60.0 (56.9–63.1) | 56.7 (53.5–59.8) | 7.9 (6.3–9.8) | 0.6g (0.3–1.3) | ||
| Hispanic | 1477 | 48.3 (45.1–51.5) | 44.9 (41.7–48.2) | 7.4 (5.8–9.3) | 0.9g (0.5–1.7) | ||
| Non-Hispanic Asian | 552 | 52.5 (47.0–57.9) | 46.3 (40.9–51.8) | 9.6 (6.8–13.4) | 0.2g (0.1–0.7) | ||
| Non-Hispanic other | 272 | 55.6 (46.9–63.9) | 52.5 (43.7–61.0) | 6.4 (3.7–10.7) | 0.0 (0.0–0.1) | ||
| Education | |||||||
| Less than high school graduate | 1674 | 45.0 (41.9–48.1) | 42.3 (39.2–45.4) | 6.4 (5.0–8.2) | 0.6g (0.3–1.2) | 1,2 | 1,2 |
| High school graduate | 3243 | 56.8 (54.4–59.2) | 53.8 (51.5–56.1) | 7.0 (5.9–8.4) | 0.4 (0.2–0.8) | ||
| Some college/associates degree | 3860 | 62.8 (60.6–64.9) | 59.6 (57.5–61.7) | 7.1 (6.0–8.4) | 0.5g (0.3–0.9) | ||
| Bachelor's degree or higher | 3720 | 69.5 (67.4–71.5) | 66.4 (64.3–68.5) | 7.6 (6.6–8.7) | 1.0 (0.6–1.6) | ||
| Marital status | |||||||
| Married | 6246 | 65.0 (63.3–66.6) | 61.8 (60.1–63.4) | 7.7 (6.8–8.6) | 0.8 (0.5–1.1) | 1,2,3 | 1,2 |
| Not married | 6267 | 54.9 (53.1–56.7) | 52.2 (50.4–54.0) | 6.2 (5.5–7.1) | 0.5 (0.3–0.7) | ||
| Family income (% federal poverty level) | |||||||
| ≤138% | 2664 | 46.1 (43.5–48.7) | 60.6 (59.1–62.0) | 6.1 (4.9–7.6) | 0.6g (0.3–1.3) | 1,2,3,4 | 1,2 |
| > 138–≤200% | 1358 | 51.7 (47.7–55.6) | 47.8 (43.9–51.8) | 8.2 (6.4–10.5) | 0.3g (0.1–0.7) | ||
| > 200–≤400% | 3503 | 59.5 (57.1–62.0) | 57.0 (54.4–59.4) | 5.9 (4.8–7.1) | 0.4 (0.2–0.7) | ||
| > 400% | 5016 | 69.2 (67.5–71.0) | 66.1 (64.3–67.8) | 8.0 (7.0–9.1) | 0.9 (0.6–1.4) | ||
| Time in the United States (US) | |||||||
| Born in the US | 10,618 | 63.3 (61.9–64.8) | 60.6 (59.1–62.0) | 6.9 (6.3–7.7) | 0.7 (0.5–0.9) | 1,2,4 | 1,2,4 |
| Not born in the US, but lived in US for 10+ years | 1766 | 52.2 (49.3–55.2) | 48.2 (45.2–51.1) | 7.9 (6.6–9.5) | 0.6g (0.3–1.2) | ||
| Not born in the US, but lived in US for < 10 years | 132 | 35.8 (26.4–46.4) | 28.6 (20.0–39.1) | 10.0g (5.0 - 19.1) | – | ||
| Family out-of-pocket spending on medical care in the past 12 months | |||||||
| $0 | 1548 | 42.4 (39.0–45.8) | 40.0 (36.6–43.4) | 3.7 (2.7–5.1) | 0.2g (0.1–0.4) | 1,2,3,4 | 1,2,3 |
| $1–$1999 | 7938 | 61.8 (60.2–63.4) | 58.5 (56.9–60.1) | 7.5 (6.7–8.4) | 0.7 (0.5–1.0) | ||
| ≥ $2000 | 2884 | 67.1 (64.5–69.6) | 64.6 (61.9–67.1) | 7.4 (6.3–8.6) | 0.9 (0.5–1.5) | ||
| Usual place of care | |||||||
| Yes | 11,542 | 63.9 (62.5–65.3) | 60.7 (59.4–62.0) | 7.5 (6.9–8.2) | 0.7 (0.5–0.9) | 1,2,3 | 1,2,3 |
| No | 995 | 27.6 (23.4–32.1) | 26.7 (22.5–31.2) | 1.9 (0.9–3.8) | 0.2g (0.1–0.8) | ||
| # of physician visits in the past year | |||||||
| 0 | 1463 | 28.6 (25.3–32.1) | 27.6 (24.4–31.1) | 1.6g (0.8 - 2.9) | – | 1,2,3 | 1,2,3 |
| 1 | 1845 | 55.5 (52.3–58.7) | 51.6 (48.3–54.9) | 6.1 (4.9–7.6) | 0.4g(0.2–0.9) | ||
| 2+ | 9207 | 67.4 (65.9–68.9) | 64.2 (62.7–65.6) | 8.1 (7.4–9.0) | 0.7 (0.5–1.1) | ||
| Chronic conditionsa | |||||||
| 0 | 3159 | 51.7 (49.4–54.1) | 48.3 (46.0–50.5) | 5.8 (4.6–7.2) | 1.1 (0.6–1.9) | 1,2,3 | 1,2,3 |
| 1 | 3588 | 62.0 (59.9–64.1) | 59.2 (57.0–61.3) | 6.3 (5.3–7.5) | 0.4 (0.2–0.8) | ||
| 2+ | 5794 | 66.9 (65.0–68.8) | 64.0 (62.1–65.9) | 8.5 (7.5–9.6) | 0.7 (0.4–1.0) | ||
| Health insurance (age 50–64) | |||||||
| Traditional employer sponsored private | 2923 | 62.2 (59.7–64.5) | 58.4 (55.9–60.8) | 6.7 (5.6–8.0) | 0.8g (0.4–1.6) | 1,2 | 1,2 |
| High deductible employer sponsored plan | 1375 | 61.5 (57.9–65.0) | 58.8 (55.2–62.3) | 5.7 (4.1–7.9) | 0.5g (0.2–1.3) | ||
| Traditional directly purchased privateb | 420 | 50.9 (44.1–57.6) | 48.2 (41.5–55.0) | 4.9 (2.9–8.2) | – | ||
| High deductible directly purchased plan | 362 | 55.9 (48.7–62.9) | 54.7 (47.4–61.8) | 4.3g (2.2 - 8.2) | 0.2g (0.0–0.7) | ||
| Medicaid or other Publicc | 1081 | 47.4 (43.3–51.6) | 45.5 (41.4–49.7) | 4.6 (3.2–6.5) | – | ||
| Medicare disability | 374 | 64.2 (56.2–71.4) | 61.6 (53.5–69.2) | 8.8 (4.9–15.1) | – | ||
| Military coveraged | 313 | 73.4 (65.4–80.1 | 68.9 (61.0–75.9) | 9 (5.7–14.0) | – | ||
| Uninsured | 750 | 24.8 (20.7–29.5) | 23.2 (19.1–27.9) | 4.0 (2.4–6.7) | – | ||
| Health insurance (age | |||||||
| 65–75) Medicare and privatee |
2233 | 76.3 (73.7–78.6) | 73.5 (70.9–76.0) | 9.1 (7.5–10.9) | 0.6g(0.3–1.2) | 1,2 | 1,2 |
| Medicare only | 1573 | 68.8 (65.7–71.8) | 65.0 (61.9–67.9) | 10.8 (8.8–13.2) | 1.2g (0.6–2.4) | ||
| Medicare and Medicaidf | 720 | 65.2 (60.2–69.9) | 62.4 (57.4–67.1) | 9.1 (6.4–12.6) | 1.2g (0.5–2.8) |
Estimates were age adjusted to the 2000 United States standard population by 5-year age groups. Screening within recommendations was defined as home FOBT within the past year, sigmoidoscopy within the past 5 years and FOBT within the past 3 years, or colonoscopy within the past 10 years. Percentages were weighted to account for the complex design of NHIS. Estimates with relative standard errors > 50% were suppressed and are indicated by “–”. Analyses were not adjusted for multiple comparisons. CI=confidence interval, FOBT=fecal occult blood test.
Chronic conditions were defined as any diagnosis of cancer, hypertension, coronary heart disease, stroke, emphysema, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, diabetes, arthritis, rheumatoid arthritis, gout, lupus, fibromyalgia, and hepatitis; a diagnosis of chronic bronchitis or weak or failing kidneys in the past 12 months; or a current diagnosis of asthma.
Includes private plans obtained through the health insurance marketplace, school, or means other than employment.
Include insurance classified as public only, other government only and SCHIP.
Includes coverage through TRICARE, VA, and champ-VA. Military coverage is restricted to civilians only and includes those with military coverage and Medicare disability.
Includes those who have only private coverage.
Includes other state-sponsored health plans.
Estimates are based on small sample size and relative standard errors ranging from 30 to 50%.
Screening within recommendations and the individual screening modalities were compared for demographic subgroups. Statistically significant subgroup differences for screening within recommendations, colonoscopy within the past 10 years, FOBT within the past year and sigmoidoscopy within the past 5 years and FOBT within the past 3 years are denoted 1, 2, 3, and 4 respectively.