TABLE 1.
Baseline Characteristics
| PHIV (n = 394) | PI (n = 145) | NPI (n = 249) | p Value | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Female | 185 (47) | 65 (45) | 120 (48) | 0.519 |
| BMI, kg/m2 | 27.0± 5.8 | 28.0± 5.8 | 26.0± 5.8 | 0.011 |
| Age, yrs | 60.0± 9.5 | 59.0± 10.0 | 60.0± 9.2 | 0.314 |
| Race | ||||
| Hispanic | 126 (32) | 51 (35) | 77 (31) | 0.572 |
| African American | 169 (43) | 62 (43) | 107 (43) | |
| Others | 99 (25) | 32 (22) | 65 (26) | |
| CV risk factors | ||||
| Diabetes | 142 (36) | 64 (44) | 78 (31) | 0.012 |
| Hypertension | 241 (61) | 101 (69) | 140 (56) | 0.008 |
| Hyperlipidemia | 162 (41) | 76 (52) | 86 (35) | <0.001 |
| Smoking | 193 (49) | 69 (47) | 124 (50) | 0.671 |
| CAD | 158 (40) | 75 (52) | 83 (33) | <0.001 |
| Myocarditis | 47 (12) | 19 (13) | 28 (11) | 0.583 |
| ICD | 40 (10) | 22 (15) | 18(7) | 0.011 |
| Cocaine use | 131 (33) | 52 (36) | 79 (32) | 0.400 |
| SBP, mm Hg | 143.0± 27.7 | 144.0± 28.2 | 142.0± 27.8 | 0.494 |
| DBP, mmHg | 77.0± 18.2 | 79.0± 19.6 | 76.0± 20.1 | 0.150 |
| Heart rate, beats/min | 84.0± 21.4 | 82.0± 23.2 | 85.0± 22.4 | 0.207 |
| PASP, mm Hg | 45.0± 9.5 | 48.0± 9.8 | 43.0± 9.0 | <0.001 |
| LVEF, % | 47.0± 12.7 | 44.0± 14.3 | 48.0± 12.0 | 0.003 |
| SA | 113 (29) | 39 (27) | 74 (30) | 0.550 |
| HCV | 87 (22) | 35 (24) | 52 (21) | 0.452 |
| HIV parameters | ||||
| CD4 count at 1st HF admission, cells/mm3 | 295± 207 | 284± 213 | 295± 201 | 0.609 |
| Nadir CD4 count, cells/mm3 | 245±197 | 213± 184 | 276± 212 | 0.003 |
| VL <200 copies/ml | 244 (62) | 87 (60) | 157 (63) | 0.547 |
| Duration of ART, yrs | 8 (4–16) | 8 (4–16) | 9 (4–16) | 0.217 |
| Duration of PI, yrs | – | 6 (4–11) | – | – |
| Duration of HIV* | 8 (4–16) | 8 (4–16) | 9 (4–16) | 0.217 |
| Duration of untreated HIV† | 75 (48–107) | 76 (48–107) | 74 (47–104) | 0.659 |
| Socioeconomic parameters | ||||
| High school or GED completion | 252 (64) | 96 (66) | 156 (62) | 0.478 |
| Unemployment | 47 (12) | 19 (13) | 28 (11) | 0.583 |
| ART medications | ||||
| NRTIs | 394 (100) | 145 (100) | 249 (100) | >0.05 |
| INSTIs | 106 (27) | 6(4) | 92 (37) | <0.001 |
| NNRTIs | 165 (42) | 6(4) | 157 (63) | <0.001 |
| HF medications | ||||
| Beta-blocker | 351 (89) | 128 (88) | 223 (89) | 0.738 |
| ACE inhibitor or ARB | 302 (86) | 108 (85) | 194 (87) | 0.437 |
| Spironolactone | 36 (9) | 17(12) | 19 (8) | 0.174 |
| Furosemide | 311 (79) | 105 (72) | 206 (83) | 0.015 |
Values are n (%), mean± SD, or median (interquartile range). Bold p values are statistically significant.
Duration of HIV is in years.
Duration of untreated HIV is the duration before starting ART after the diagnosis in days.
ACE = angiotensin-converting enzyme; ARB = angiotensin receptor blocker; ART = antiretroviral therapy; BMI = body mass index; CAD = coronary artery disease; CV = cardiovascular; DBP = diastolic blood pressure; GED = general equivalency diploma; HCV = hepatitis C virus infection; HIV = human immunodeficiency virus; ICD = implantable cardioverter-defibrillator; INSTI = integrase inhibitor; LVEF = left ventricular ejection fraction; NNRTI = non-nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitor; NPI = non–protease inhibitor antiretroviral therapy; NRTI = nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitor; PASP = pulmonary artery systolic pressure; PHIV = persons with human immunodeficiency virus; PI = ritonavir-based protease inhibitor; SA = sleep apnea; SBP = systolic blood pressure; VL = viral load.