Table 2.

Medication Adherence in the Pre- and Post- Liver Transplant Patient Population

Article	Patient population; n	Adherence measure	Significant findings	Affecting clinical outcomes?
Hayward 201632	Cirrhosis n= 50; 40% decompensated	Self-reported medication list compared to medical record	54% had ≥1 and 24% had ≥3 discrepancies between what patients were taking and the prescribed regimens	Not measured
Leevy 200735	Hepatic encephalopathyn=145; 95% with cirrhosis, 12% on transplant list	Retrospective review of medical record	92% took rifaximin for >75% of prescribed doses 30% took lactulose for > 75% of prescribed doses	Fewer hospitalizations and hospital days when patients were taking rifaximin
Polis 201528	Cirrhosis, n=29; mean MELD 11	Patient response (MMAS-8)	54% “sometimes forgot to take their medications” in the past 30 days 29% had missed 1 or more medication over the last two weeks	Not measured
Kuo 201613	Patients listed for liver transplant, n=181; mean MELD 13	Patient response (MMAS-8)	42% “sometimes forgot to take their medications” 28% missed 1 or more medications in the past 2 weeks 12% missed 1 or more medications in the day prior	Not measured
Serper 201556	Liver transplant recipients, n= 105; median 20 months from transplant	Structured interviews to determine patient knowledge and self-reported use compared with medical record abstraction and tacrolimus blood levels	86% displayed correct medication treatment knowledge 78% could demonstrate simulated regimen use to researchers 14% self-reported as non-adherent 32% non-adherence based on tacrolimus levels	Higher treatment knowledge scores and demonstrated regimen use associated with reduced readmissions after liver transplant

MELD: Model for End-Stage Liver Disease

MMAS-8: Morisky Medication Adherence Scale