. Author manuscript; available in PMC: 2019 Nov 1.

Published in final edited form as: Liver Int. 2018 Jun 19;38(11):1882–1890. doi: 10.1111/liv.13892

Table 3.

Interventions in Medication Management

Article	Domain	Intervention	Population; n	Process Measure	Process measures/Improved clinical outcomes?
Volk 2013⁴¹	Patient self-management	Educational booklet	Cirrhosis; 150;70% Child A cirrhosis	Cirrhosis knowledge survey at baseline and at 3 months	Median knowledge increased/ not evaluated
Larrey 2011⁴⁰	Nursing led education	Scheduled nurse clinic visits	CHC; 244; 29.4% F3–4 fibrosis	Adherence, SVR	48-week adherence improved/ Higher SVR in treatment group
Asavakarn 2016⁵⁷	Pharmacy led, multidisciplinary team educational approach	Education during hospitalization for LT and initial follow-up visit	LT recipients; 50; 64% ≤3 months post LT	Immunosuppressant knowledge questionnaire	Improved knowledge/ not evaluated
Promraj 2016⁵⁸	Pharmacy led, multidisciplinary team educational approach	Education during hospitalization for LT and initial follow-up visit	LT recipients; 50;64% ≤ 3 months post LT	Immunosuppressive Therapy Adherence Scale	Higher medication knowledge scores correlated with higher ITAS/not evaluated
Russo 2016⁵⁹	Multidisciplinary protocol to reduce readmissions	Outpatient service expansion, Pharmacist teaching	LT recipients; 167; mean MELD at LT 21	30-day readmission Length of stay for index admission for liver transplant	30-day readmission rate/30-day readmission rate decreased
Wigg 2013⁴²	Chronic disease management program	Delivery system redesign Self-management support Protocol driven decision support Clinical information systems	Cirrhosis with ascites; 40; mean MELD 11	Days hospitalized for liver related reasons Attendance to outpatient clinic visits Quality of care measures	Improved clinic attendance, Hepatocellular carcinoma screening rates, referral for LT, and Hepatitis A/B vaccination Did not reduce days hospitalized for liver related reasons or all cause admission rate
Ganapathy 2017 ⁴⁵	Smart phone App to reduce readmissions	Smart phone app to track medications, sodium intake, daily weight, signs of HE Patient and caregiver education Enhanced communication with health care team	Decompensated cirrhosis; 40; mean MELD 19.5	30-day readmission Medication adherence Contact with study team	No 30-day readmissions for HE App was tolerable for patients and caregivers

CHC: Chronic Hepatitis C

HE: Hepatic Encephalopathy

ITAS: Immunosuppressive Therapy Adherence Scale

LT: Liver Transplant

MELD: Model for End-Stage Liver Disease

SVR: Sustained Virologic Response