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. Author manuscript; available in PMC: 2019 Sep 1.
Published in final edited form as: Hypertension. 2018 Sep;72(3):625–631. doi: 10.1161/HYPERTENSIONAHA.118.11434

Table 1.

Inclusion and Exclusion Criteria

Inclusion:

  1. Age 11-<19 years.

  2. Written informed consent/assent per local IRB requirements.

Exclusion:

  1. On current antihypertensive drug treatment or treated within the past 6 months.

  2. Diabetes (type 1 or type 2) requiring pharmacologic treatment.

  3. Drugs altering metabolic status including metformin and lipid-lowering agents

  4. Significant proteinuria (verified by 1st morning urine protein/creatinine ratio of ≥1.0).

  5. Known history of chronic kidney disease and/or estimated GFR ≤90 mL/min/1.73m2

  6. Congestive heart failure, obstructive valvular disease or cardiomyopathy

  7. Diagnosis of obstructive sleep apnea.

  8. Pregnant or breast-feeding female.

  9. Secondary hypertension (not including obesity).

  10. BMI Z score ≥5 for age and gender.

  11. Uncorrected coarctation of the aorta, or renal artery stenosis.

  12. Concurrent medications known to affect BP, including stimulant medications for ADHD, corticosteroids, calcineurin inhibitors, and oral decongestants.

  13. Any clinically significant unstable medical condition or chronic disease.

  14. Known major neurological condition known to affect cognitive function. Participants with milder neurologic involvement, such as learning disabilities, will be marked, but not excluded from enrollment.

  15. Symptomatic stage 2 hypertension.

Abbreviations: ADHD, attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder; BMI, body mass index; BP, blood pressure.