Table 4.
Percent of Cigarette Smoking Abstinencea at Wave 2 among Adult Dual Cigarette and E-cigarette Users at Wave 1b and Factors Associated with Smoking Abstinence (N= 2,050), PATH Study
| Abstinent from Cigarette Smoking at W2 | Unadjusted Prevalence Ratio (PR) | Adjusted Prevalence Ratio (APR) | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| % | 95%CI | PR | 95%CI | APR | 95%CI | |
| Sex | ||||||
| Male | 13.1 | 11.1, 15.4 | Ref. | Ref. | Ref. | Ref. |
| Female | 10.9 | 8.9, 13.4 | 0.83 | 0.66, 1.05 | 0.89 | 0.67, 1.19 |
| Age | ||||||
| 18–24 | 15.0 | 11.7, 19.0 | Ref. | Ref. | ||
| 25–34 | 12.9 | 10.1, 16.4 | 0.86 | 0.62, 1.20 | 0.94 | 0.63, 1.38 |
| 35–44 | 12.0 | 8.8, 16.1 | 0.80 | 0.53, 1.21 | 1.02 | 0.61, 1.73 |
| 45–54 | 6.4 | 4.0, 10.2 | 0.43 | 0.25, 0.74 | 0.65 | 0.35, 1.22 |
| 55–64 | 12.1 | 8.4, 17.1 | 0.80 | 0.54, 1.20 | 1.12 | 0.69, 1.83 |
| 65+ | 19.2 | 11.1, 31.0 | 1.28 | 0.70, 2.34 | 1.38 | 0.63, 3.02 |
| Race/Ethnicity | ||||||
| White, non-Hispanic | 11.0 | 9.2, 13.0 | Ref. | Ref. | Ref. | Ref. |
| Black, non-Hispanic | 10.3 | 6.1, 17.1 | 0.94 | 0.55, 1.63 | 0.82 | 0.44, 1.52 |
| Asian, non-Hispanic | *** | 1.86 | 0.78, 4.46 | 1.53 | 0.52, 4.49 | |
| Other, non-Hispanic | *** | 0.85 | 0.45, 1.59 | 0.83 | 0.44, 1.57 | |
| Hispanic | 21.3 | 16.2, 27.4 | 1.94 | 1.40, 2.69 | 1.62 | 1.09, 2.41 |
| Education | ||||||
| Less than HS | 9.1 | 5.4, 15.0 | 0.93 | 0.44, 1.94 | 0.91 | 0.46, 1.79 |
| HS or equivalency degree | 9.8 | 6.2, 15.2 | Ref. | Ref. | Ref. | Ref. |
| Some college or associate’s degree | 11.9 | 9.2, 15.2 | 1.21 | 0.74, 1.98 | 1.18 | 0.71, 1.97 |
| Bachelor’s degree | 11.6 | 9.3, 14.3 | 1.18 | 0.69, 2.01 | 1.06 | 0.61, 1.86 |
| More than bachelor’s degree | 18.5 | 13.3, 25.1 | 1.88 | 1.01, 3.50 | 1.53 | 0.79, 2.99 |
| Frequency of e-cigarette use at Wave 1 | ||||||
| Daily | 16.8 | 12.7, 21.8 | 1.49 | 1.11, 1.99 | 1.40 | 1.02, 1.91 |
| Non-daily | 11.3 | 9.7, 13.1 | Ref. | Ref. | Ref. | Ref. |
| Current use of other combusted products at Wave 1c | ||||||
| Yes | 12.8 | 10.3, 15.8 | 1.11 | 0.86, 1.44 | 1.03 | 0.74, 1.42 |
| No | 11.5 | 9.7, 13.7 | Ref. | Ref. | Ref. | Ref. |
| Current use of other non-combusted products at Wave 1d | ||||||
| Yes | 10.8 | 7.1, 16.1 | 0.89 | 0.56, 1.40 | 0.90 | 0.50, 1.63 |
| No | 12.2 | 10.5, 14.1 | Ref. | Ref. | Ref. | Ref. |
| Device type at Wave 1e | ||||||
| Customizable | 14.2 | 11.3, 17.6 | 1.24 | 0.96, 1.62 | 1.14 | 0.81, 1.60 |
| Non-customizable | 11.4 | 9.6, 13.4 | Ref. | Ref. | Ref. | Ref. |
| Endorsed using e-cigarettes because they help people quit smoking cigarettesf | ||||||
| Yes | 12.1 | 10.3, 14.2 | 1.03 | 0.79, 1.34 | 0.86 | 0.63, 1.16 |
| No | 11.8 | 9.3, 15.0 | Ref. | Ref. | Ref. | Ref. |
| Quit attempts reported at Wave 1g | ||||||
| Yes | 12.6 | 10.5, 15.2 | 1.11 | 0.84, 1.46 | 1.07 | 0.79, 1.44 |
| No | 11.4 | 9.3, 14.0 | Ref. | Ref. | Ref. | Ref. |
| Time to first cigarette <30 min of waking | ||||||
| Yes | 8.3 | 6.7, 10.3 | 0.50 | 0.39, 0.65 | 0.65 | 0.48, 0.88 |
| No | 16.0 | 13.5, 18.9 | Ref. | Ref. | Ref. | Ref. |
| Cigs smoked per day (CPD) at Wave 1 | ||||||
| <15 | 16.3 | 14.0, 19.0 | Ref. | Ref. | Ref. | Ref. |
| 15+ | 7.3 | 5.4, 9.7 | 0.46 | 0.33, 0.65 | 0.62 | 0.43, 0.90 |
| Smoking initiated before age 16 | ||||||
| Yes | 10.3 | 8.5, 12.4 | 0.68 | 0.54, 0.85 | 0.76 | 0.58, 0.99 |
| No | 15.2 | 12.8, 17.9 | Ref. | Ref. | Ref. | Ref. |
Abbreviations: CI, confidence interval; PR, prevalence ratio; HS, high school.
Note. Unadjusted PRs were estimated using only the relevant variable as a predictor variable; all variables, including demographic characteristics, are based on responses at Wave 1. Frequencies are based on unweighted data and all other estimates, including proportions and prevalence ratios are weighted.
Those who were current established smokers at Wave 1 and reported smoking cigarettes “not at all” at Wave 2 (n=238).
Dual users at Wave 1 includes those who reported current established cigarette smoking (every day or some day use and had smoked at least 100 cigarettes in their lifetime) and current (every day or some day) e-cigarette use.
Other combusted products are filtered cigars, cigarillos, traditional cigars, hookah, and pipes.
Other non-combusted tobacco products are smokeless tobacco (snus pouches, loose snus, moist snuff, dip, spit or chewing tobacco) and dissolvable tobacco.
Device type at Wave 1 is defined here as either customizable (rechargeable, refillable, and does not use cartridges) or non-customizable (any other combination of responses to rechargeable/refillable survey items).
Current (every day or some day) e-cigarette users at Wave 1 were shown a randomized set of 13 potential reasons why they use e-cigarette and asked to indicate which reason(s) they endorse. This stated reason read, “Using e-cigarettes helps people to quit smoking cigarettes”
Current cigarette smokers at Wave 1 were asked, “In the past 12 months, have you tried to quit smoking cigarettes?” Response options include (in a choose all that apply format): 1) Yes, I have tried to quit completely; 2) Yes, I have tried to quit by reducing or cutting back; 3) No, I have reduced or cut back instead of trying to quit; 4) No, I have not tried to quit at all. Responses were coded as “yes” if a respondent selected options 1 or 2 (alone in combination with another response option).
Relative standard error > 30%.