Table 2.
Predictors of syncope in patients with pulmonary embolism aged 18 years and older (uni-variate and multi-variate logistic regression models).
| Parameters | PE patients aged 18 years and older (n = 293,640; 6,792 patients with syncope [2.3%]) | |||
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Univariate regression model | Multi-variate regression model | |||
| OR (95% CI) | P-value | OR (95% CI) | P-value | |
| Age | 1.024 (1.022–1.026) | <0.001 | 1.020 (1.018–1.022) | <0.001 |
| Female gender | 1.142 (1.088–1.199) | <0.001 | 0.973 (0.925–1.022) | 0.282 |
| Obesity | 1.097 (1.008–1.194) | 0.032 | 1.138 (1.043–1.241) | 0.004 |
| VTE risk factors | ||||
| Surgery during in-hospital stay | 0.911 (0.868–0.956) | <0.001 | 0.958 (0.912–1.006) | 0.088 |
| Cancer | 0.563 (0.524–0.605) | <0.001 | 0.587 (0.545–0.632) | <0.001 |
| Comorbidities | ||||
| Coronary artery disease | 1.284 (1.202–1.372) | <0.001 | 1.036 (0.967–1.110) | 0.318 |
| Heart failure | 1.250 (1.181–1.324) | <0.001 | 0.987 (0.927–1.050) | 0.671 |
| Chronic lung disease | 0.888 (0.831–0.948) | <0.001 | 0.775 (0.725–0.828) | <0.001 |
| Essential arterial hypertension | 1.211 (1.154–1.271) | <0.001 | 1.021 (0.972–1.073) | 0.407 |
| Renal insufficiency | 1.588 (1.504–1.676) | <0.001 | 1.294 (1.220–1.372) | <0.001 |
| Diabetes mellitus | 1.201 (1.132–1.275) | <0.001 | 1.025 (0.954–1.090) | 0.433 |
| Coagulation abnormalities | 0.931 (0.847–1.022) | 0.134 | 1.017 (0.925–1.118) | 0.726 |
| Stroke | 0.794 (0.657–0.960) | 0.017 | 0.716 (0.592–0.866) | 0.001 |
| Atrial fibrillation or flutter | 1.318 (1.237–1.405) | <0.001 | 1.025 (0.958–1.097) | 0.474 |
| Vestibular disorder | 1.948 (1.342–2.829) | <0.001 | 1.641 (1.128–2.389) | 0.010 |
| Carotid-sinus-syndrome | 18.781 ((5.782–61.000) | <0.001 | 13.062 (3.816–44.707) | <0.001 |
| Meningioma | 1.422 (0.889–2.276) | 0.142 | 1.398 (0.872–2.240) | 0.164 |
| Pneumonia | 0.656 (0.615–0.700) | <0.001 | 0.661 (0.619–0.706) | <0.001 |
| Sick-sinus-syndrome | 5.187 (4.196–6.413) | <0.001 | 3.869 (3.110–4.812) | <0.001 |
| Ventricular tachycardia caused by reentry tachycardia | 3.840 (0.903–16.334) | 0.069 | 4.037 (0.939–17.358) | 0.061 |
| Pacemaker or internal cardiac defibrillator malfunction | 5.876 (3.422–10.090) | <0.001 | 3.425 (1.953–6.008) | <0.001 |
| Risk stratification parameters | ||||
| Tachycardia | 1.963 (1.678–2.297) | <0.001 | 1.870 (1.594–2.194) | <0.001 |
| Right ventricular dysfunction | 1.454 (1.379–1.533) | <0.001 | 1.347 (1.276–1.421) | <0.001 |
Abbreviations: PE indicates for pulmonary embolism; VTE, venous thromboembolism.