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. 2018 Oct 25;8:15828. doi: 10.1038/s41598-018-34190-4

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© The Author(s) 2018

Open Access This article is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License, which permits use, sharing, adaptation, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, as long as you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons license, and indicate if changes were made. The images or other third party material in this article are included in the article’s Creative Commons license, unless indicated otherwise in a credit line to the material. If material is not included in the article’s Creative Commons license and your intended use is not permitted by statutory regulation or exceeds the permitted use, you will need to obtain permission directly from the copyright holder. To view a copy of this license, visit http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/.

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Variable importance in projection (VIP) scores in the first principal component calculated by partial least squares (PLS) to estimate the energy balance of dairy cows in lactation week 2 (a) and week 7 (b). The top 15 metabolites with relatively higher VIP score are shown. The relative higher VIP score means that variable has higher capability to predict energy balance in PLS analysis. Black line and text represent milk production traits, blue line and text represent milk metabolites with relatively higher VIP score, and red line and text represent milk metabolites which were in the top 15 in one week, but not in the other week. Abbreviation: FPCM, fat- and protein-corrected milk.