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. 2018 Oct 25;8:15757. doi: 10.1038/s41598-018-34113-3

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© The Author(s) 2018

Open Access This article is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License, which permits use, sharing, adaptation, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, as long as you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons license, and indicate if changes were made. The images or other third party material in this article are included in the article’s Creative Commons license, unless indicated otherwise in a credit line to the material. If material is not included in the article’s Creative Commons license and your intended use is not permitted by statutory regulation or exceeds the permitted use, you will need to obtain permission directly from the copyright holder. To view a copy of this license, visit http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/.

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Addition of 5- and 9-PAHSA to pre-adipocytes promote adipocyte differentiation. (A) Relative gene expression of gpr120, GLUT4, adiponectin and aP2 in the presence or absence of 5- and 9-PAHSA during adipocyte differentiation. (B) Relative gene expression of adiponectin and aP2 and Oil Red O staining in the presence or absence of 5-PAHSA during differentiation of primary human pre-adipocytes. (C) Relative gene expression of PPARγ in the presence or absence of 5- and 9-PAHSA during the first 24hrs of adipocyte differentiation and AUC for time points 0, 2, 4 and 8 days. (D) Relative gene expression of C/EBPα in the presence or absence of 5- and 9-PAHSA at 24hrs and 2, 4 and 8 days. (E) Transcriptional activity of PPARγ in the presence of 1, 10 and 20uM 5- or 9-PAHSA. (F) Transcriptional activity of C/EBPs in the presence of 5 and 20uM 5- or 9-PAHSA. (G) Relative gene expression of IL6 at day 2 of adipocyte differentiation in the presence or absence of 5- and 9-PAHSA (H) Relative gene expression of GLUT4, Adiponectin and ChREBP in the presence of scrambled or anti-GLUT4 siRNA ± 5-and 9-PAHSA (20uM). Data is presented as mean ± SEM related to control, n = 3–6. *p-value < 0.05, **p-value < 0.01.