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. 2018 Oct 25;8:15807. doi: 10.1038/s41598-018-34001-w

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© The Author(s) 2018

Open Access This article is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License, which permits use, sharing, adaptation, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, as long as you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons license, and indicate if changes were made. The images or other third party material in this article are included in the article’s Creative Commons license, unless indicated otherwise in a credit line to the material. If material is not included in the article’s Creative Commons license and your intended use is not permitted by statutory regulation or exceeds the permitted use, you will need to obtain permission directly from the copyright holder. To view a copy of this license, visit http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/.

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Resonant amplitude and frequency for different OD₆₀₀ values recorded by the VNA for different pH values of 5.5, 6, 6.5, 7, 7.5, 8. The sensor response is highly linear for a wide range of bacteria concentrations and environmental pH values. The error bars are too small to be seen.