Figure 4.

Representative photomicrographs of immunohistochemistry staining on tumor tissue morphology. Immunohistochemistry demonstrated that VEGF was expressed highly in groups (A) SP and (B) NSP, and were primarily located in the cytoplasm and characterized by dark brown staining; however, following eight treatments of curcumin, VEGF immunoreactivity was not prominent in group SP+curcumin (C). VEGF immunoreactivity in (D) group NSP+curcumin had the same prominence as group SP+curcumin. (E) Bar graphs are depicted as the means ± standard deviation of three mice per group. Values represent the total positive area. **P<0.01 vs. group SP. Each experiment was independently repeated three times. The scale bar indicates the magnification. SP, side population; NSP, non-SP; VEGF, vascular endothelial growth factor.