Table I.
Osteosarcoma systemic therapy agents of the NCCN guidelines.
| Agent | (Refs.) |
|---|---|
| First-line therapy (primary/neoadjuvant/adjuvant therapy or metastatic disease) | |
| Cisplatin and doxorubicin | (36–38) |
| MAP (high-dose methotrexate, cisplatin, and doxorubicin) | (39,40) |
| Doxorubicin, cisplatin, ifosfamaide, and high-dose methotrexate | (41) |
| Ifosfamide, cisplatin, and epirubicin | (42) |
| Second-line therapy (relapsed/refractory or metastatic disease) | |
| Docetaxel and gemcitabine | (30) |
| Cyclophosphamide and etoposide | (43) |
| Cyclophosphamide and topotecan | (18) |
| Gemcitabine | (44) |
| Ifosfamide (high dose)+/− etoposide | (26,28) |
| Ifosfamide, carboplatin and etoposide | (29) |
| High-dose methotrexate, etoposide and ifosfamide | (45) |
| 153Sm-EDTMP for relapsed or refractory disease beyond second-line therapy | (40) |
| Ra223 | (41,46,47) |
| Sorafenib | (48) |
| Sorafenib+everolimus | (49) |
NCCN, National Comprehensive Cancer Network; 153Sm-EDTMP, samarium lexidronam.