Table III.
Strategies for target treatment of osteosarcoma and its representative drugs/compounds.
| Strategy | Drugs/compounds |
|---|---|
| Novel delivery mechanisms | SLIT cisplatin (aerosolized liposomal formulation) |
| Overcoming drug resistance | |
| Inhibition of cellular DNA synthesis and cell growth | Gemcitabine |
| Induction of apoptosis and cell cycle arrest | Doxetacel |
| Novel antifolates | Trimetrexate (does not require RCF for transport into cell) |
| Inhibition of drug efflux | Curcumin |
| Inhibition of signaling receptors and transduction | |
| IGF/IGF-1R pathway | Robatumumab, Figitumumab, Cixutumumab |
| mTOR pathway | Ridaforolimus, Everolimus |
| Src pathway | Sorafenib, Dasatinib, Saracatinib |
| HER2-overexpression | Trastuzumab |
| Altering the tumor microenvironment | |
| Inhibition of osteoclast-mediated bone destruction | |
| Bisphosphonates | Zoledronic acid, Pamidronate |
| RANKL inhibitors | Denosumab |
| Inhibition of angiogenesis | |
| VEGF inhibitors | Bevacizumab |
| Collagen XVIII-a 1 | Endostar |
SLIT, sustain release lipid inhalation targeting; RCF, reduced folate carrier; IGF-1R, insulin-like growth factor 1; mTOR, mammalian target of rapamycin; Src, src is a membrane-associated tyrosine kinase; HER2, human epidermal growth factor receptor 2; RANKL, receptor activator of nuclear factor-jB ligand; VEGF, vascular endothelial growth factor.