Figure 3.

Effort-based decision-making in CADASIL apathy. (A and B) Apathetic patients accepted significantly fewer offers than non-apathetic patients or healthy controls. (C) The proportion of offers accepted was significantly correlated with the action initiation subscale of the LARS. (D) There was a significant apathy × reward interaction on offer acceptance. This plot shows the proportion of offers accepted as reward increases (collapsed across effort). Apathetic patients accepted fewer offers when rewarding outcomes were low, but performed the same as non-apathetic patients when rewards were high. (E) In contrast, there was no apathy × effort interaction. This plot shows offer acceptance as effort level increases (collapsed across reward). (F) The difference in offers accepted between no apathy and apathy groups occurred in a distinct region of decision space—where offers were for low rewards, irrespective of effort required. A, D and E show mean ± SE. **P < 0.05; ***P < 0.01; n/s = not significant.