Table 2.
Diabetes complications at presentation in different studies
| Study location and year of publication | Chicago 2018 | South London 2015 | Portland 2003 | P Values |
| Studied years | 2003–2013 | 2012–2013 | 1996–1998 | |
| Number of patients | 2280 | 1149 | 7844 | |
| Insurance status | Underinsured | NHS | Managed care | <0.001* |
| Age criteria | 49.0±11.3 | 55.7±10.9 | 55.4±9.4 | <0.001*† |
| Average HbA1c, % | 10.0±2.9 | 6.6±0.3 | 8.2±2.2 | <0.001*† |
| Average HbA1c, mmol/mol | 86±32 | 49±3 | 61±29 | <0.001*† |
| Retinopathy | 10.70% | 7.86% | 1.40% | <0.001*† |
| Nephropathy | 22.20% | 16.68% | 5.70% | <0.001*† |
| Neuropathy | 27.70% | 6.65% | N/A | <0.001† |
| Microvascular complications composite | 50.10% | N/A | 5.90% | <0.001*† |
| CAD | 7.60% | 4.81% | 11.2% | <0.001*† |
| CVA | 1.90% | 3.5% | 3% | <0.001*† |
| PVD | 4.10% | N/A | 1.70% | <0.001*† |
| Macrovascular complications composite | 13.40% | N/A | 13.20% | NS |
Mean age and average HbA1c were based on weighing the number of patients in different study cohorts and their corresponding variance. Studies were weighted based on the absolute numbers (n). Independent sample t-test was used for comparison and for calculating p values.
*Indicates significant p value between the Chicago and Portland studies.
†Indicates significant p value between the Chicago and South London studies.
CAD, coronary artery disease; CVA, cardiovascular accident; HbA1c, hemoglobin A1c; NHS, National Health Service; PVD, peripheral vascular disease.