Table 1.
Distribution of birth and socioeconomic characteristics at enrolment in the intervention arms
| Surveillance | |||
| Total (N=4382) | Active (N=2215) | Passive (N=2167) | |
| n (%) | n (%) | n (%) | |
| Gender (Boys) | 2276 (51.9) | 1132 (51.1) | 1144 (52.8) |
| Birth factors | |||
| Birth weight | |||
| <2500 g | 430 (9.8) | 210 (9.5) | 220 (10.2) |
| =2500 g | 846 (19.4) | 415 (18.8) | 431 (19.9) |
| >2500 g | 3096 (70.8) | 1584 (71.7) | 1512 (69.9) |
| Type of delivery | |||
| Normal | 3839 (87.6) | 1920 (86.7) | 1919 (88.6) |
| Caesarean section | 543 (12.4) | 295 (13.3) | 248 (11.4) |
| Socioeconomic characteristics | |||
| Religion | |||
| Hindu | 3751 (85.6) | 1846 (83.3) | 1905 (87.9) |
| Others* | 631 (14.4) | 369 (16.7) | 262 (12.1) |
| Caste | |||
| Dalit/Harijan† | 850 (19.4) | 441 (19.9) | 409 (18.9) |
| Others | 3528 (80.5) | 1772 (80.0) | 1756 (81.0) |
| Highest education achieved by mother | |||
| Illiterate | 1337 (30.5) | 652 (29.4) | 685 (31.6) |
| Primary (upto class 5) | 1251 (28.5) | 615 (27.8) | 636 (29.3) |
| Secondary (upto class 7) | 803 (18.3) | 416 (18.8) | 387 (17.9) |
| High School (upto class 10) | 729 (16.6) | 394 (17.8) | 335 (15.5) |
| Higher secondary (class 11–12) | 151 (3.4) | 76 (3.4) | 75 (3.5) |
| College | 111 (2.5) | 62 (2.8) | 49 (2.3) |
| Highest education achieved by father | |||
| Illiterate | 979 (22.4) | 453 (20.5) | 526 (24.3) |
| Primary | 1083 (24.8) | 561 (25.4) | 522 (24.1) |
| Secondary | 1021 (23.4) | 513 (23.3) | 508 (23.5) |
| High school | 896 (20.5) | 475 (21.5) | 421 (19.5) |
| Higher secondary | 209 (4.8) | 101 (4.6) | 108 (5.0) |
| College | 181 (4.1) | 103 (4.7) | 78 (3.6) |
| Fuel used for cooking‡ | |||
| LPG§/Gas | 333 (7.6) | 211 (9.5) | 122 (5.6) |
| Others | 4049 (92.4) | 2004 (90.5) | 2045 (94.4) |
| Type of walls of the house¶ | |||
| Brick | 3338 (76.2) | 1707 (77.1) | 1631 (75.3) |
| Others | 1044 (23.8) | 508 (22.9) | 536 (24.7) |
| Exposure to TB | |||
| TB in household past 1 year | 42 (1.0) | 25 (1.1) | 17 (0.8) |
| Current TB in household | 28 (0.6) | 10 (0.5) | 18 (0.8) |
*Others included Muslims (14.0%) and Christians (0.4%).
†Hindu's not belonging to a caste.
‡Wood is used as a low socioeconomic indicator, higher socioeconomic groups would use kerosene, electricity and LPG.
§Liquefied petroleum gas.
¶Brick is used as high socioeconomic indicator, low socioeconomic groups would have walls made of mud, bamboo and so on.
**Reported as number of population unit. Details of population units are given in the text.
††The Active surveillance group had a 2 monthly home visit by a study team field worker. The passive surveillance group were contacted only at the start of the study and at study close out.
LPG, liquefied petroleum gas; TB, tuberculosis.