Table 1.

Study characteristics

Study	Study design	Exercise intervention type, duration (min), description, intensity	Comparator	Timing of blood glucose measurements
Bally et al 23	Randomized cross-over trial	Cycling at 50% VO2max for 90 min with IHE with 9×10 s maximal sprints every 10 min at 120% of individual peak workload followed by 50 s recovery phase.	Cycling at 50% VO2max for 90 min.	During 90 min of exercise, 120 min postexercise and postexercise overnight follow-up.
Campbell et al 34	Randomized cross-over trial	Intermittent running (Shuttle Test): 3×20 m walking then 1×20 m sprinting, interspersed by 4 s recovery, followed by 3×20 m run (speed corresponding to 55% VO2max) and 3×20 m (speed equating to 95% VO2peak) repeated for 45 min.	Continuous treadmill running at 77% VO2max for 45 min.	During, 1 hour and 23 hours postexercise.
Dubé et al 35	Randomized cross-over trial	Cycling at 50% VO2max for 60 min with 10 s maximal sprint every 2 min.	Cycling at 50% VO2max for 60 min.*	During exercise.
Guelfi et al 16	Randomized cross-over trial	Cycling at 40% VO2max for 30 min with 16×4 s maximal sprints every 2 min.	Cycling at 40% VO2max for 30 min.	During and up to 60 min of recovery or until BG falls <4 mmol/L.
Hinojosa and Heiss30	Cross-over trial	Walking at 50%–60% maximum heart rate for 15 min.	Sitting quietly.	During and up to 120 min following exercise.
Iscoe and Riddell27	Randomized cross-over trial	Cycling at 50% VO2max with 9×15 s maximal sprints every 5 min.	Cycling at 55% VO2max.	During and up to 24 hours following exercise.
Jankovec et al 24	Randomized cross-over trial	Cycling at 60% hour reserve for 2×30 min.	Resting.	During exercise.
Maran et al 25	Randomized cross-over trial	Cycling at 40% VO2max with 15×5 s maximal sprints at 85%.	Cycling at 40% VO2max.	During and up to 24 hours following exercise.
Moser et al 28	Cross-over trial	Cycling at control A, B or C followed by 120 s, 60 s or 20 s recovery period, followed by high-intensity peak workload (PPeak) for 20 s (followed by 3 s active recovery at 40W and 3 s passive recovery at 0W).	Cycling at 3 target workloads: A: 5% Pmax from IET below PLTP1. B: 5% Pmax from IET above PLTP1. C: 5% Pmax from IET below PLTP2.	During and 24 hours postexercise.
Peter et al 31	Randomized cross-over trial	Cycling at 65% (SD 10.1%) VO2peak.	Resting.	During and 2 hours postexercise.
Rabasa-Lhoret et al 26	Randomized cross-over trial	Cycling at 25%, 50%, or 75% VO2max for 30 or 60 min.	Resting.	During exercise (30 and 90 min), 18 hours postexercise and at rest.
Soo et al 32	Randomized partial cross-over trial	Cycling at 60% VO2max (50% hour reserve) for 45 min.	Resting.	During and 60 min following exercise.
Turner et al 37	Randomized cross-over trial	Lifting weights for 14 min (1 set of 8 exercises), 28 min (2 sets) or 42 min (3 sets).	Resting for 14 min.	At rest and up to 60 min of recovery postexercise.
Yamanouchi et al 33	Cross-over trial	Walking at <50% VO2max for 30 min.	Resting.	During and 2 hours, postexercise.
Yardley et al 29	Part-randomized cross-over trial	Weightlifting: 3 sets (7 exercises ×8 repetitions). Walking/running at 60% VO2max for 45 min.	Resting.	During exercise, 6 hours postexercise and 24 hours postexercise.

*Third exercise condition excluded as not comparable.

BG, blood glucose; IET, incremental exercise test; IHE, intermittent high-intensity exercise; P_LTP1, power output at the first lactate turn point; P_LTP2, power output at the second lactate turn point; P_max, maximal power output; VO_2max, maximal oxygen uptake; VO_2peak, peak oxygen uptake; W, watt.