Table 4.
Association of current number of household smokers that regularly smoke in the home and echocardiographic measures of cardiac structure and function in Echo-SOL
| 1 Household smoker (N=123) | 2+ Household smokers (N=31) | |||||||
| Minimally adjusted β (SE) |
P values | Fully adjusted β (SE) |
P values | Minimally adjusted β (SE) |
P values | Fully adjusted β (SE) |
P values | |
| LV mass index, gm/m2 | 5.3 (3.1) | 0.09 | 4.6 (3.2) | 0.15 | −3.5 (5.1) | 0.50 | −3.0 (4.7) | 0.52 |
| LV end-systolic volume, mL | 1.6 (1.3) | 0.23 | 1.7 (1.3) | 0.18 | 3.2 (2.2) | 0.14 | 3.3 (2.1) | 0.12 |
| LV end-diastolic volume, mL | 0.5 (2.8) | 0.87 | 1.4 (2.7) | 0.59 | 3.7 (4.4) | 0.41 | 4.1 (4.4) | 0.35 |
| LVEF, % | −1.8 (0.6) | 0.003 | −1.4 (0.6) | 0.02 | −1.8 (1.0) | 0.06 | −1.7 (1.0) | 0.07 |
| LV stroke volume, mL | 0.5 (2.2) | 0.82 | 2.0 (2.2) | 0.37 | −1.4 (3.8) | 0.72 | −0.7 (3.7) | 0.84 |
| LV longitudinal strain (four-chamber), % | 1.4 (0.4) | 0.002 | 1.1 (0.4) | 0.01 | −1.3 (1.2) | 0.27 | −1.5 (1.3) | 0.26 |
| LV longitudinal strain (two-chamber), % | 0.9 (0.5) | 0.08 | 0.6 (0.5) | 0.20 | −1.7 (1.5) | 0.27 | −1.5 (1.3) | 0.26 |
| LV longitudinal strain (average), % | 1.2 (0.4) | 0.006 | 0.9 (0.4) | 0.03 | −1.5 (1.3) | 0.25 | −1.5 (1.2) | 0.23 |
| Medial E’ velocity, cm/s | −0.7 (0.2) | 0.0004 | −0.5 (0.2) | 0.01 | 0.7 (0.4) | 0.11 | 0.9 (0.5) | 0.0599 |
| Lateral E’ velocity, cm/s | −0.7 (0.4) | 0.06 | −0.5 (0.4) | 0.18 | 0.5 (0.8) | 0.51 | 0.8 (0.8) | 0.36 |
| E/E’ | 0.006 (0.4) | 0.99 | −0.05 (0.4) | 0.88 | −1.4 (0.6) | 0.026 | −1.6 (0.6) | 0.016 |
| E/A ratio | −0.1 (0.03) | 0.005 | −0.09 (0.03) | 0.003 | 0.02 (0.06) | 0.74 | 0.03 (0.06) | 0.68 |
| Isovolumic relaxation time, s | 0.007 (0.003) | 0.02 | 0.006 (0.003) | 0.04 | −0.002 (0.007) | 0.76 | −0.002 (0.006) | 0.69 |
| Peak RA/RV gradient, mm Hg | −0.6 (0.9) | 0.54 | −0.21 (0.92) | 0.82 | −2.1 (2.0) | 0.31 | −2.1 (2.1) | 0.32 |
| TAPSE, cm | −0.04 (0.06) | 0.5 | −0.01 (0.06) | 0.85 | −0.02 (0.2) | 0.92 | −0.03 (0.1) | 0.84 |
| RV fractional area change, % | −0.03 (0.01) | 0.002 | −0.02 (0.01) | 0.01 | 0.01 (0.03) | 0.71 | 0.006 (0.03) | 0.83 |
| Left atrial volume index, mL/m2 | −1.5 (0.8) | 0.06 | −0.9 (0.8) | 0.24 | −1.9 (1.4) | 0.19 | −1.7 (1.2) | 0.16 |
Linear regression analyses adjusting for the following variables.
Minimally adjusted: age and sex.
Fully adjusted: age, sex, study site, alcohol use, physical activity and years of education.
Bold denotes p value <0.05.
Reference: participants who currently do not live with a tobacco smoker who regularly smokes in the home.
LV, left ventricular; LVEF, left ventricular ejection fraction; TAPSE, tricuspid annular plane systolic excursion.