Table 5.
Result of the multivariable conditional logistic regression model using COPD/non-COPD as the dependent variable and adjusted by the study variables
| Variable | Category | OR (95% CI) |
|---|---|---|
| Obesity | No | 1 |
| Yes | 1.32 (1.22–1.48) | |
| Tobacco use | Never | 1 |
| Ex-smoker | 2.48 (2.31–2.69) | |
| Current smoker | 1.75 (1.62–1.96) | |
| Self-rated health | Very good/good | 1 |
| Fair/poor/very poor | 1.48 (1.34–1.65) | |
| Diabetes | No | |
| Yes | 1.31 (1.19–1.47) | |
| Hypertension and/or heart disease | No | 1 |
| Yes | 1.21 (1.11–1.34) | |
| Osteoporosis | No | 1 |
| Yes | 1.42 (1.26–1.61) | |
| Mental disorders | No | 1 |
| Yes | 1.84 (1.67–2.11) | |
| General practitioner visit in the last 4 weeks | No | 1 |
| Yes | 1.38 (1.26–1.55) | |
| Hospital admission in the last 12 months | No | 1 |
| Yes | 1.86 (1.70–2.09) | |
| Emergency room visit in the last 12 months | No | 1 |
| Yes | 1.68 (1.52–1.84) | |
| Periodontal disease | No | 1 |
| Yes | 1.21 (1.12–1.30) |
Notes: Independent variables included in the model were all those with a significant difference between COPD cases and non-COPD controls (shown in Table 1) except “reasons for the last visit to the dentist.” In the current table, only those variables with a significant OR are shown.
Abbreviations: COPD, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease; OR, odds ratio.