Table 2.

The association between fathers’ alcohol consumption and total- and cause-specific mortality (1973–2008) in offspring

Fathers’ alcohol use	Never	Rarely		Occasionally		Often
	HRa	HR	95% CIb	HRa	95% CIb	HRa	95% CI
Mortality outcomes
Total
Crude	1	1.17	1.06 1.29	1.33	1.20 1.48	1.72	1.45 2.04
Childhood SEP	1	1.16	1.05 1.28	1.32	1.19 1.47	1.68	1.41 1.99
Risk use alcohol	1	1.14	1.03 1.26	1.23	1.11 1.37	1.49	1.25 1.76
Baseline covariatresc	1	1.11	1.00 1.23	1.18	1.06 1.31	1.19	1.01 1.42
Fully adjustedd	1	1.11	1.00 1.22	1.16	1.04 1.29	1.16	0.98 1.38
Alcohol-related
Crude	1	1.40	1.02 1.92	2.04	1.48 2.81	4.01	2.65 6.08
Childhood SEP	1	1.36	0.99 1.86	1.98	1.43 2.73	3.78	2.49 5.74
Risk use alcohol	1	1.31	0.95 1.80	1.70	1.23 2.34	2.89	1.90 4.41
Baseline covariatresc	1	1.29	0.94 1.77	1.67	1.21 2.31	2.26	1.48 3.45
Fully adjustedd	1	1.25	0.91 1.72	1.56	1.13 2.16	2.05	1.34 3.13
Suicide mortality
Crude	1	1.00	0.80 1.26	1.08	0.85 1.37	1.87	1.30 2.67
Childhood SEP	1	1.02	0.82 1.28	1.12	0.88 1.42	1.90	1.32 2.72
Risk use alcohol	1	0.96	0.76 1.20	0.95	0.75 1.21	1.48	1.03 2.13
Baseline covariatresc	1	0.98	0.78 1.23	0.98	0.77 1.24	1.24	0.86 1.79
Fully adjustedd	1	0.99	0.79 1.25	0.97	0.76 1.24	1.20	0.83 1.74
Violent mortalitye
Crude	1	1.02	0.78 1.32	1.32	1.00 1.73	1.84	1.20 2.82
Childhood SEP	1	1.00	0.77 1.31	1.31	1.00 1.73	1.79	1.16 2.74
Risk use alcohol	1	0.97	0.75 1.27	1.17	0.89 1.54	1.48	0.96 2.27
Baseline covariatresc	1	0.95	0.73 1.24	1.11	0.84 1.47	1.15	0.75 1.77
Fully adjustedd	1	0.95	0.72 1.23	1.10	0.83 1.45	1.11	0.72 1.71

^aHazard ratios.

^b95% confidence intervals.

^cMeasured at age 18: smoking, psychiatric diagnoses, low emotional control, contact with police/childcare authorities.

^dChildhood SEP, risk use of alcohol, smoking, psychiatric diagnoses, low emotional control, contact with police/childcare authorities.

^eExcluding suicides.