Table 2.

Demographics information and injury characteristics of patients who survived or died

Characteristics	Survived (n=213)	Died (n=2016)	P values
Age, years (mean±SD)	33.7±12.8	37.4±17.1	0.002
M	81.7 (174)	81.2 (1637)	0.144
Race, % (n)
White	40.4 (86)	42.5 (857)	0.169
African-American	34.7 (74)	36.5 (736)
Others	24.8 (53)	20.9 (423)
Hispanics	16.4 (35)	13.1 (265)	0.18
Vital parameters
EMS
SBP, mm Hg (mean±SD)	71.3±55.9	60.8±59.6	0.015
Heart rate, bpm (mean±SD)	78.5±55.9	73.1±57.1	0.18
Pulse <60 bpm, % (n)	33.3 (71)	38.1 (769)	0.19
ED
SBP, mm Hg (mean±SD)	83.2±52	72.4±58	0.01
Heart rate, bpm (mean±SD)	101.79±46.8	82.3±54.7	<0.001
Pulse <60 bpm, % (n)	17.3 (37)	31.7 (641)	<0.001
Mechanism of injury, % (n)
Penetrating	84 (179)	53.3 (1075)	<0.001
GSW	56.4 (101)	81.4 (874)
Stab	43.6 (78)	18.6 (201)
Blunt	16 (34)	46.7 (941)
LOMI, % (n)
Isolated thorax	37.1 (79)	49.5 (995)	0.003
Isolated abdominal	12.2 (26)	10.5 (213)
Multiple injuries	50.7 (108)	40.0 (808)
Injury severity and pattern
ISS, median (IQR)	25 (10-58)	22 (10-41)	<0.001
ISS ≥16, % (n)	63.9 (135)	66.7 (1346)	0.32
Thoracic-AIS, median (IQR)	4 (3-6)	3 (3-6)	0.63
Abdominal-AIS, median (IQR)	3 (3-5)	3 (3-5)	0.25
Neck-AIS, median (IQR)	3 (3-5)	3 (3-5)	0.15
SOL, % (n)	92.0 (196)	80.3 (1620)	<0.001
Prehospital CPR	25.4 (54)	37.1 (748)	<0.001
ED disposition, % (n)
Died	1.9 (4)	26.9 (544)	<0.001
Operating room	86.9 (185)	66.5 (1340)

AIS, Abbreviated Injury Scale Score; bpm, beats per minute; CPR, cardiopulmonary resuscitation; ED, emergency department; EMS, emergency medical service; GSW, gunshot wound; ISS, Injury Severity Score; LOMI, location of major injury; SBP, systolic blood pressure; SI, Shock Index; SOL, signs of life.