Table 7.
miRNA studies in chronic kidney disease
| PMID | Author | Year | Sample | Patients | Ethnics | Methodology | Main findings |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 27872161 | Khurana | 2017 | Urine exosomes | 15 CKD | Caucasian | Ion proton system for NGS ncRNASeqScan |
Sixteen miRNAs differentially expressed Increased: let-7c-5p, miR-222-3p, miR-27a-3p, miR-27b-3p, miR-296-5p, miR-31-5p, miR-3687, miR-6769b-5p, and miR-877-3p Decreased: miR-133a, miR-133b, miR-15a-5p, miR-181a-5p, miR-34a-5p, miR-181c-5p, and miR1-2 |
| 28077372 | Muralidharan | 2017 | 28 CKD | Affymetrix GeneChip miR 4.0 | |||
| Urine Blood (circulating) |
Differential expression of 384 urinary and 266 circulatory miRNAs between CKD patients with eGFR≥30 vs. < 30 ml/min/1.73 m2 Pathway analysis mapped multiple miRNAs to TGF-β signalling-related mRNA targets Urine downregulation of let-7a and upregulation of miR-130a in patients with eGFR < 30 ml/min/1.73 m2 Both urine and plasma upregulation of miR-1825 and miR-1281 in patients with decreased eGFR Plasma downregulation of miR-423 in patients with decreased eGFR |
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| 28771472 | Nandakumar | 2017 | Blood | 15 CKD 15 non CKD |
African American | RNA sequencing (347 miRNAs) | Fourteen significant miRNAs: Upregulated: miR-29c-5p, miR-345-5p, miR-142-3p, miR-339-3p Downregulated: miR-17-5p, miR-130a-3p, miR-15b-5p, miR-106b-3p, miR-106a-5p, miR-16-5p, miR-181a-5p, miR-1285-3p, miR-15a-5p, miR-210-3p The most significant miRNA was miR-17-5p (log2 fold change = − 0.77; p = 6.7∙10−4) Downregulation of two other miRNAs in the miR-17 family (miR-106a-5p, miR-106b-3p) Downregulation of three members of miR-15 family (miR-15a-5p, miR-15b-5p, and miR-16-5p) |
| 27650800 | Rivoli | 2017 | Blood (extra-cellular vesicles) | 30 CKD 17 ESRD pre-HD 15 post-kidney transplantation 22 HC |
qRT-PCR: miR-122 miR-885 | Total circulating miRNA was lower in patients with CKD miR-122 not differentially expressed in CKD Downregulation of circulating miR-122 in pre-HD (19-fold lower compared with healthy controls miR-122 not differentially expressed in patients with renal transplantation Downregulation of miR-885 in ESRD patients (fourfold compared to healthy subjects) and upregulation by haemodialysis and renal trans-plantation No correlation between eGFR and miR-122 in 30 patients with CKD Circulating miR-122 was substantially reduced in ESRD patients pre-HD compared with the other groups (19.0-fold lower than healthy controls; 21.7-fold lower than CKD) Downregulation of miR-885 in ESRD patients (fourfold compared to healthy subjects) and was increased by haemodialysis Haemodialysis increased the concentration of miR-122 |
|
| 26267685 | Zhang | 2015 | Serum | 82 CKD-uremic, 16 HC | miR-155 | Serum upregulation of miRNA-155 and IL-6 in all dialysis patients (p < 0.05) miRNA-155 expression in peritoneal dialysis treated with alprostadil was down-regulated compared with peritoneal dialysis group or HD group (p < 0.05 Serum miRNA-155 was positively correlated with the level of IL-6 as well as CRP, while miR-155 was negatively correlated with HDL and albumin. Alprostadil could ameliorate the inflammatory conditions of uremic dialysis patients by inhibition of the IL-6 expression. Serum miRNA-155 may be a novel target for the treatment of uremic dialysis patients |
|
| 25197634 | Hu Yang-Yang | 2014 | Serum | 60 Nephrolithiasis, 50 HC | Asian | qRT-PCR: miR-155 | Overexpression of serum and urinary levels of miR-155 in nephrolithiasis patients eGFR inversely correlated with urinary level of miR-155 |
| 24184689 | Zawada | 2014 | PBMC | 10 HD 10 HC |
Massive analysis of cDNA ends | One-hundred and eighty-two miRNAs differentially expressed (p < 0.001) between HD patients and control subjects (75 upregulated in HD patients, 107 downregulated Among the differentially expressed miRNAs, miR-21, miR- 26b, miR-146b, or miR-155 are involved in cardiovascular disease |
|
| 23717629 | Chen | 2013 | Blood (Circulating) | 90 CKD | (Caucasians: African Americans: Others) 51:38:1 | qRT-PCR: miR-125b miR-145 miR-155 | Circulating levels correlated with progressive loss of eGFR by multivariate analyses. (For every one ml/min decrease in eGFR, there were a 0.05, 0.04, and 0.02 unit decreases in the expression of the miRNA for miR-125b, 145, and 155, respectively |
| 10 CKD 3–4 10 HD 8 HC |
Downregulation of circulating levels of miR-125b, miR-145 and miR-155 in CKD and hemodialysis patients compared to healthy volunteers | ||||||
| 23946286 | Lv | 2013 | Urine Exosomes | 32 CKD 7 HC |
Asian | qRT-PCR: miR-29a miR-29b miR-29c miR-200a miR-200b miR-200c | Downregulation of all 6 miRNAs in CKD Downregulation of members of miR-29 and miR-200 families (p < 0.05) in urine, being able to distinguish CKD from controls miR-29c correlated with both eGFR (r = 0.362; p < 0.05) and degree of tubulointerstitial fibrosis (r = -0.359; p < 0.05) for CKD patients miR-29a and miR-29c could predict degree of tubulointerstitial fibrosis |
| 22836280 | Plé | 2012 | Platelets | 10 CKD 5 HC |
mRNA profiling | The levels of most miRNAs appeared to be corrected by dialysis, showing the regulatory role of platelet microRNAs in dialysis Upregulation of miR-19b, a miRNA involved in platelet reactivity miR-551b was found to be differentially expressed in the dialysis patients cohort, as compared to the healthy cohort |
|
| 21891774 | Neal | 2011 | Plasma (Circulating) | 15 CKD-3 18 CKD-4 20 ESRD-HD 22 HC |
Total level of small RNAs (18–25 nucleotides) | Downregulation of specific circulating miRNAs in patients with severe chronic renal failure, compared to patients with mild renal impairment or normal renal function Correlation between circulating miRNAs and eGFR (p < 0.0001; r = 0.553) |
|
| Total small RNA concentration in plasma differentially expressed between normal/stage 3 and stage 4/ESRD (p < 0.0001; Mann–Whitney U-test) | |||||||
| qRT-PCR: miR-16 miR-21 miR-155 miR-210 miR-638 | All five miRNAs expression inversely correlated with kidney function (eGFR) Significant differences were observed between normal and Stage 4 CKD for miR-210, miR-16 and miR-155 Highly significant differences were observed between the normal/stage 3 CKD and ESRD cohorts (miR-638, miR-21, miR-155, miR-210, miR-16) Significant differences were observed between Stage 4 CKD and ESRD patients for miR-210 and miR-16 The correlation between miRNA expression and eGFR remained significant when the patients undergoing haemodialysis are excluded from the analysis, with the exception of miR-21 and miR-155 levels |
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| Urine | 22 CKD | No association between urinary miRNA level and kidney function Urine upregulation of miR-638 in stage 4 CKD compared to normal and stage 3 CKD patients (p < 0.006) |
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| 22045675 | Starkey Lewis | 2011 | Serum | 22 CKD 25 HC |
Edinburgh | qRT-PCR: miR-122 miR-192 | Overexpression of miR-122 and miR-192 in CKD patients |
CKD: chronic kidney disease; CRP: C-reactive protein; eGFR: estimated glomerular filtration rate; ESRD: end-stage renal disease; HC: healthy controls; HD: haemodyalisis; HDL: high-density lipoproteins; IL-6: interleukin 6; miRNA(s): microRNA(s); NGS: Next-generation sequencing; PBMC: peripheral blood mononuclear cells; qRT-PCR: quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction; RNA: ribonucleic acid; TGF-β: transforming growth factor beta