Table 1.

Demographic and Health Characteristics of 5,567 Participants From a Biracial Sample.

	All participants	African Americans	European Americans
	M (SD)	M (SD)	M (SD)
Age, years	73.6 (6.7)	72.6 (6.2)	75.4 (7.4)
Education, years	12.7 (3.4)	11.9 (3.3)	14.3 (3.2)
Composite cognition	0.359 (0.690)	0.223 (0.689)	0.625 (0.611)
Perceptual speed	0.438 (0.896)	0.203 (0.836)	0.895 (0.830)
Episodic memory	0.379 (0.804)	0.274 (0.816)	0.584 (0.740)
MMSE	0.300 (0.634)	0.195 (0.679)	0.504 (0.475)
Physical function	10.4 (3.6)	10.0 (3.6)	11.2 (3.5)
Social engagement	2.5 (1.7)	2.4 (1.6)	2.7 (1.7)
Depressive symptoms	1.4 (1.9)	1.7 (2.0)	0.9 (1.4)
	n, %	n, %	n, %
Frequency of attendance
Never	1,463, 26	1,228, 33	235, 12
<10 per year	2,141, 38	1,462, 40	679, 36
≥10 per year	1,963, 36	992, 27	971, 51
Females, %	3,547, 64	2,350, 64	1,197, 64

Note. Cognitive function measured in standard deviation units (SDU). MMSE=Mini-mental state examination.