Table 3.

In vivo ¹HMRS studies in placenta and fetal brain.

Values of different different metabolic peaks in placentas and fetal brains of APS-mice with and without HCQ treatment and control mice treated with NHIgG at day 15 of pregnancy. The ¹HMRS signal from creatine (Cr, measure of the global brain or placental function or integrity) was used to normalize the signals from metabolites measured within the same voxel. N=5-6 / experimental group. Glucose = Glc, lactate = Lac, glycerophosphocholine =GPC, phosphocholine = PCh. * different from NHIgG, p<0.05

	Placenta				Fetal brain
	Glc/Cr	Lac/Cr	PCh/Cr	GPC/Cr	Glc/Cr	Lac/Cr	PCh/Cr	GPC/Cr
NHIgG	1.04±0.40	4.95±0.91	1.69±0.73	0.82±0.36	0.28±0.14	1.61±0.9	0.75±0.13	ND
APS-mice	0.058±0.005*	0.54±0.07*	0.50±0.19*	0.29±0.19*	0.058±0.005*	0.32±0.13*	0.35±0.08*	ND
APS- mice + HCQ	1.105±0.32	4.23±0.78	1.61±0.61	0.92±0.43	0.2±0.097	1.65±0.85	0.81±0.09	ND