Table 2. Association of Black and Hispanic Race/Ethnicity, Compared With Non-Hispanic White Race/Ethnicity, With Hemoglobin A_1c Trajectory Groups in 1011 Patients.

Modela	Odds Ratio (95% CI)
	Black Race (n = 128)b			Hispanic Ethnicity (n = 140)b
	Group 1: Low Baseline and Mild Increases	Group 2: Moderate Baseline and Moderate Increases	Group 3: Moderate Baseline and Major Increases	Group 1: Low Baseline and Mild Increases	Group 2: Moderate Baseline and Moderate Increases	Group 3: Moderate Baseline and Major Increases
Model 1	1 [Reference]	2.90 (1.88-4.46)	7.98 (4.42-14.38)	1 [Reference]	1.71 (1.17-2.49)	3.29 (1.78-6.08)
Model 2	1 [Reference]	3.00 (1.92-4.67)	9.94 (5.15-19.20)	1 [Reference]	1.67 (1.08-2.58)	3.56 (1.75-7.21)
Model 3	1 [Reference]	2.50 (1.54-4.05)	7.50 (3.68-15.26)	1 [Reference]	1.43 (0.90-2.27)	3.32 (1.60-6.91)
Model 4	1 [Reference]	1.73 (1.04-2.90)	4.54 (2.08-9.89)	1 [Reference]	1.16 (0.71-1.89)	2.24 (1.02-4.92)

^aModel 1 was unadjusted. Model 2 was adjusted for demographic characteristics (age at diagnosis and clinic site). Model 3 further adjusted for body mass index (calculated as weight in kilograms divided by height in meters squared) z score, insulin regimen, insulin dose, and frequency of blood glucose monitoring. Model 4 further adjusted for socioeconomic position (maximum parental education, household structure, and health insurance type).

^bSelf-reported race and ethnicity were collected using 2000 US Census questions and categorized as non-Hispanic white, non-Hispanic black, Hispanic, and other (Asian, Native American, Pacific Islander, other, and unknown). Respondents who self-reported as other were excluded from these analyses due to small sample size (n = 34).