. 2018 Sep 7;1(5):e181851. doi: 10.1001/jamanetworkopen.2018.1851

Ethnicity, With Hemoglobin A_1c Trajectory Group, Stratified by Sex and Age at Diagnosis^a.

Model^b	Odds Ratio (95% CI)			P Value for Interaction
Model^b	Group 1: Low Baseline and Mild Increases	Group 2: Moderate Baseline and Moderate Increases	Group 3: Moderate Baseline and Major Increases	P Value for Interaction
Sex
Female (n = 581)	1 [Reference]	1.00 (0.61-1.64)	1.48 (0.65-3.39)	.04
Male (n = 593)	1 [Reference]	2.06 (1.18-3.57)	5.34 (2.16-13.2)	.04
Age at diagnosis, y	1 [Reference]
≤9 (n = 611)	1 [Reference]	2.04 (1.23-3.37)	5.37 (1.91-15.1)	.02
>9 (n = 564)	1 [Reference]	0.96 (0.55-1.65)	1.65 (0.77-3.51)	.02

^{^a}

Self-reported race and ethnicity were collected using 2000 US Census questions. White was defined as non-Hispanic white. Nonwhite was defined as non-Hispanic black, Hispanic, Asian or Pacific Islander, Native American, other, or unknown.

^{^b}

Fully adjusted for age at diagnosis, clinic site, maximum parental education, household structure, health insurance type, body mass index (calculated as weight in kilograms divided by height in meters squared) z score, insulin regimen, insulin dose, and frequency of blood glucose monitoring.

Table 3. Association of Nonwhite Race/Ethnicity, Compared With Non-Hispanic White Race/Ethnicity, With Hemoglobin A1c Trajectory Group, Stratified by Sex and Age at Diagnosisa.

Table 3. Association of Nonwhite Race/Ethnicity, Compared With Non-Hispanic White Race/Ethnicity, With Hemoglobin A_1c Trajectory Group, Stratified by Sex and Age at Diagnosis^a.