Table 2. Maternal characteristics, intrapartum variables and maternal and neonatal outcomes according to IUBT efficiency.
| Failure (n = 28) |
Success (n = 80) |
P value | |
|---|---|---|---|
| Maternal characteristics | |||
| Age (years) | 31.7 ± 5.6 | 30.0 ± 5.1 | 0.13 |
| Nulliparity, n (%) | 8 (28.6) | 29 (36.3) | 0.46 |
| Pre-pregnancy BMI (kg/m2) | 24.7 ± 5.7 | 23.1 ± 4.0 | 0.11 |
| BMI≥30 kg/m2 before pregnancy, n (%) | 7 (25.9) | 6 (7.5) | 0.03 |
| Previous cesarean section, n (%) | 0 (0) | 3 (3.8) | 0.57 |
| History of PPH, n (%) | 6 (21.4) | 19 (23.8) | 0.80 |
| History of hypertension, n (%) | 2 (7.1) | 0 (0) | 0.07 |
| Known uterine myoma, n (%) | 0 (0) | 1 (1.3) | 1 |
| Pregnancy obtained with ART, n (%) | 4 (14.3) | 10 (12.5) | 0.75 |
| Multiple pregnancy, n (%) | 0 (0) | 5 (6.2) | 0.32 |
| Hypertensive disease, n (%) | 1 (3.6) | 3 (3.8) | 0.57 |
| Gestational diabetes mellitus, n (%) | 7 (25.0) | 9 (11.3) | 0.12 |
| Anemia during pregnancy, n (%) | 0 (0) | 2 (2.5) | 1 |
| Antenatal suspicion of macrosomia, n (%) | 1 (3.6) | 7 (8.7) | 0.68 |
| Intrapartum variables | |||
| Gestational age at delivery (weeks) | 39.4±2.7 | 40.0 ± 1.7 | 0.33 |
| Prolonged pregnancy (≥ 41 weeks) | 8 (28.6) | 24 (30.0) | 0.86 |
| Induced labor, n (%) | 9 (32.1) | 24 (30.0) | 0.83 |
| Labor duration (min) | 363.9 ± 314.0 | 549.7 ± 418.9 | 0.04 |
| Use of oxytocin, n (%) | 14 (50.0) | 51 (63.8) | 0.20 |
| Epidural analgesia, n (%) | 21 (75.0) | 69 (86.3) | 0.24 |
| Active phase of second stage longer than 30 min, n (%) | 3 (10.7) | 13 (16.3) | 0.20 |
| Spontaneous vaginal delivery, n (%) | 20 (71.4) | 57 (71.3) | 1 |
| Operative vaginal delivery, n (%) | 8 (28.6) | 23 (28.7) | 1 |
| Maternal perineal outcome | |||
| Episiotomy, n (%) | 5 (17.9) | 20 (25.0) | 0.41 |
| Second-degree perineal laceration, n (%) | 15 (53.5) | 34 (42.5) | 0.32 |
| Third- or fourth-degree perineal laceration, n (%) | 0 | 0 | - |
| Perineal hematoma, n (%) | 0 | 1 (1.7) | 0.74 |
| Neonatal outcome | |||
| Birthweight (g) | 3392.8 ± 784.1 | 3579.9 ± 493.4 | 0.24 |
| Birthweight ≥ 4,000g | 4 (14.3) | 16 (20.0) | 0.58 |
BMI: body mass index.
Data are mean ± standard deviations or n (%) or unless otherwise specified. Student t test, χ2 test, non-parametric Mann-Whitney test, and Fisher’s exact test were used as appropriate.