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. 2018 Oct 26;13(10):e0206663. doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0206663

Table 3. Causes, management and outcome of PPH according to intrauterine balloon tamponade efficiency.

Failure
(n = 28)
Success
(n = 80)
P value
Uterine atony, n (%) 13 (46.4) 26 (32.5) 0.20
Placenta praevia, n (%) 1 (3.6) 5 (6.2) 0.67
Placenta accrete, n (%) 2 (7.2) 1 (1.3) 0.18
Retained placenta (total or partial), n (%) 6 (21.4) 17 (21.3) 0.97
Time from birth to PPH onset (min) 36.7 ± 37.8 43.0 ± 75.0 0.59
Estimated blood loss at PPH onset (mL) 687.4 ± 271.4 605.3 ± 267.4 0.21
Manual removal of retained placenta, n (%) 9 (32.1) 21 (26.3) 0.85
Use of tranexamic acid, n (%) 19 (67.9) 35 (43.8) 0.03
Need for sulprostone, n (%) 28 (100) 80 (100) -
Time from birth to sulprostone, n (%) 72.1 ± 50.6 71.8 ± 84.0 0.98
Time from birth to IUBT (min) 114.1 ± 66.1 109.7 ± 95.3 0.82
Estimated blood loss at balloon insertion (mL) 1,785.4 ± 697.3 1,434.6 ± 540.0 0.01
Estimated blood loss at balloon insertion ≥ 1,500 mL, n (%) 19 (67.9) 38 (47.5) 0.04
Volume inflated of the balloon (cc) 458.8 ± 48.1 420.2 ± 103.1 0.06
Estimated blood loss after balloon placement (mL) 1,195.0 ± 182.3 341.0 ± 112.2 <0.0001
Time from birth to stop bleeding (min) 309.4 ± 145.2 208.4 ± 136.4 0.002
Total estimated blood loss when bleeding had stopped (mL) 2,980.4 ± 879.6 1,775.6 ± 652.2 <0.0001
Red blood cells transfusion, n (%) 8 (28.6) 10 (12.5) 0.03
Blood transfusion ≥ 4 packed red blood cells, n (%) 26 (92.9) 25 (31.3) <0.0001
Fresh frozen plasma transfusion, n (%) 8 (28.6) 8 (10.0) 0.02
Platelets transfusion, n (%) 4 (14.3) 4 (5.0) 0.20
Fibrinogen concentrates, n (%) 8 (28.6) 7 (8.8) 0.01
Activated factor VII, n (%) 3 (10.7) 0 0.08
Thromboembolic event, n (%) 0 2 (2.5) 0.55
Admission to intensive care unit, n (%) 18 (64.3) 8 (10) <0.0001
Length of stay in intensive care unit (days) 1.8 ± 1.3 2.9 ± 4.2 0.49
Total length of stay in maternity (days) 6.1 ± 2.0 4.8 ± 1.9 0.007
Maternal death, n (%) 0 0 -

IUBT: intrauterine balloon tamponade.

Data are mean ± standard deviations or n (%) or unless otherwise specified. Student t test, χ2 test, non-parametric Mann-Whitney test, and Fisher’s exact test were used as appropriate.