Table 1. Clinical characteristics of patient samples.
| Sample ID | Indication for intestinal resection | Gestational age (wks) | Birth weight (g) | Sex | Age at surgery (d) | Tissue type | Mode of delivery | Feeding | Preoperative antibiotics (d)* | Antibiotic type† | Sample types included in analysis |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| N4 | NEC | 26 | 780 | F | 6 | Ileum | Vaginal | NPO | 2 | A, G, V, MZ | Fecal, tissue |
| N6 | NEC | 29 | 1,630 | M | 46 | Colon | Vaginal | NPO | 22 | V, G, P | Fecal, tissue |
| N9 | NEC | 28 | 850 | M | 38 | Jejunum | C-section | EBM | 2 | A, G | Fecal, tissue |
| N20 | NEC | 33 | 1,740 | M | 5 | Colon | Vaginal | Formula | 5 | A, G | Tissue |
| N27 | NEC | 25 | 440 | F | 27 | Ileum | C-section | EBM | 1 | V, G, M | Fecal‡, tissue |
| N33 | NEC | 30 | 1,583 | F | 7 | Ileum | C-section | Formula | 6 | A, G, V, C, MZ | Fecal, tissue |
| N34 | NEC | 30 | 1,550 | M | 9 | Jejunum | Vaginal | Formula | 3 | A, G, V, MZ | Fecal, tissue |
| N37 | NEC | 25 | 650 | F | 8 | Ileum | C-section | EBM | 3 | A, G, V | Fecal, tissue |
| N39 | NEC | 33 | 2,101 | F | 8 | Ileum | Vaginal | Formula | 6 | A, G, MZ | Fecal, tissue |
| N324 | NEC | 30 | 1,420 | F | 11 | Ileum | C-section | Formula | 1 | A, G, V, P | Tissue |
| C22 | Spontaneous perforation | 25 | 850 | M | 6 | Ileum | Vaginal | NPO | 6 | A, G, MZ | Fecal, tissue |
| C23 | Spontaneous perforation | 24 | 650 | F | 1 | Ileum | Vaginal | NPO | 1 | A, G, MZ, M | Fecal |
| C18 | Congenital volvulus | 31 | 1,400 | F | 1 | Ileum | C-section | NPO | 1 | A, G | Fecal, tissue |
| C28 | Congenital volvulus | 32 | 2,590 | F | 0 | Ileum | C-section | NPO | 0 | A, G, MZ | Fecal, tissue |
| C17 | Mesenteric ischemia | 26 | 700 | M | 6 | Jejunum | C-section | EBM | 6 | A, G | Fecal, tissue |
| C5 | Intestinal atresia | 35 | 2,605 | M | 3 | Ileum | Vaginal | NPO | 2 | A, G | Fecal‡, tissue |
| C8 | Intestinal atresia | 34 | 2,015 | F | 5 | Jejunum | Vaginal | NPO | 5 | A, G | Fecal, tissue |
| C24 | Stricture removal | 28 | 1,268 | M | 57 | Jejunum | Vaginal | Formula | 17 | A, G, CL, V | Fecal, tissue |
| C26 | Stricture removal | 29 | 1,664 | M | 43 | Ileum | C-section | NPO | 18 | A, G, CL, V | Fecal, tissue |
| C19 | Stricture removal | 39 | 3,454 | F | 132 | Colon | Vaginal | NPO | 131 | A, G, C, CP, CT, M, V | Fecal, tissue |
| C16 | Hirschsprung’s disease | 36 | 2,793 | M | 4 | Colon | Vaginal | NPO | 0 | None | Tissue |
| C14 | Re-anastomosis | 27 | 830 | F | 60 | Ileum | Vaginal | Formula | 14 | A, G, C, MZ, V | Fecal, tissue |
| C15 | Re-anastomosis | 26 | 790 | F | 65 | Ileum | C-section | Formula | 12 | A, G, MZ, P, V | Fecal, tissue |
| C21 | Re-anastomosis | 32 | 1,660 | M | 57 | Ileum | Vaginal | Formula | 24 | A, G, M, V, T, CL | Fecal, tissue |
* 0, less than 24 hours
† A, ampicillin; G, gentamicin; V, vancomycin; C, cefotaxime; CL, clindamycin; CP, cefepime; CT, ceftriaxone; M, meropenem; P piperacillin-tazobactam; MZ, metronidazole; T, tobramycin
‡ Feces adherent to collected mucosa; all other fecal samples collected at patient’s first post-operative stool
NEC, necrotizing enterocolitis; NPO, nil per mouth; EBM, expressed breast milk; DBM, donor breast milk