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Motions of particles are modulated precisely via 3D-AFT. (a) Schematic illustration of the 3D-AFT mechanism with respect to relative forces and velocities. (b) Experimental results of the modulation of particle motion by 3D-AFT. Each stacked image traces particle trajectories. The red dashed line is a reference indicating the particle trajectory when there is no acoustic excitation. The particle diameter is 15 µm.
