Table 4.

Mixed-Model Parameter Estimates of Mean Body Mass Index Percentiles Over Time by Race/Ethnicity among Female and Male Children Ages 5 to 20 Years^a

	FEMALE (N=3059)				MALE (N=2257)
	Age-Adjusted		Fully Adjusted		Age-Adjusted		Fully Adjusted
	Mean (CI)	P value	Mean (CI)	P value	Mean (CI)	P value	Mean (CI)	P value
Mean BMI percentiles for 5 year olds at index visitb
White (ref)	54.22 (51.74, 56.70)	Ref	55.32 (52.83, 57.80)	Ref	57.92 (55.47, 60.36)	Ref	58.39 (55.94, 60.85)	Ref
Black	54.03 (49.67, 58.4)	0.941	55.19 (50.63, 59.75)	0.961	55.49 (51.5, 59.48)	0.307	55.96 (51.75, 60.16)	0.314
Hispanic	53.64 (47.14, 60.13)	0.869	55.06 (48.52, 61.61)	0.943	50.13 (43.7, 56.55)	0.026	50.21 (43.74, 56.67)	0.019
Segment-specific slope (Δ/year)
White
Age <9 yrs	1.38 (0.52, 2.24)	0.002	0.38 (−0.74, 1.50)	0.507	1.15 (0.32, 1.98)	0.007	0.41 (−0.67, 1.50)	0.452
Age 9–12 yrs	−1.78 (−2.77, −0.80)	<0.001	−2.04 (−3.32, −0.75)	0.002	−2.34 (−3.39, −1.28)	<0.001	−1.92 (−3.27, −0.58)	0.005
Age 12+ yrs	0.35 (−0.41, 1.12)	0.368	1.38 (0.43, 2.33)	0.004	0.16 (−0.75, 1.07)	0.734	0.81 (−0.32, 1.94)	0.159
Black
Age <9 yrs	2.55 (1.09, 4.01)	0.001	1.50 (−0.18, 3.19)	0.080	3.32 (1.99, 4.65)	<0.001	2.77 (1.21, 4.33)	<0.001
Age 9–12 yrs	0.02 (−1.45, 1.49)	0.977	−0.34 (−2.09, 1.42)	0.708	−3.00 (−4.48, −1.52)	<0.001	−2.74 (−4.5, −0.98)	0.002
Age 12+ yrs	−0.9 (−1.93, 0.14)	0.089	0.33 (−0.88, 1.53)	0.596	−0.45 (−1.6, 0.69)	0.439	0.24 (−1.13, 1.6)	0.733
Hispanic
Age <9 yrs	3.80 (1.59, 6.01)	<0.001	2.71 (0.35, 5.06)	0.024	3.59 (1.43, 5.76)	0.001	3.05 (0.78, 5.32)	0.009
Age 9–12 yrs	−2.18 (−4.56, 0.20)	0.072	−2.44 (−4.97, 0.09)	0.059	−0.33 (−2.82, 2.15)	0.792	−0.01 (−2.64, 2.62)	0.993
Age 12+ yrs	0.36 (−1.24, 1.95)	0.661	1.44 (−0.25, 3.12)	0.095	−1.45 (−3.35, 0.45)	0.136	−0.73 (−2.76, 1.3)	0.481
Difference in segment-specific slope (Δ/year) between races
Black vs White
Age <9 yrs	1.17 (−0.51, 2.86)	0.173	1.13 (−0.59, 2.84)	0.198	2.17 (0.61, 3.73)	0.006	2.35 (0.76, 3.94)	0.004
Age 9–12 yrs	1.8 (0.06, 3.55)	0.043	1.7 (−0.09, 3.49)	0.062	−0.66 (−2.45, 1.13)	0.467	−0.82 (−2.64, 1.01)	0.379
Age 12+ yrs	−1.25 (−2.46, −0.03)	0.045	−1.05 (−2.29, 0.18)	0.093	−0.61 (−2.03, 0.81)	0.400	−0.57 (−2.01, 0.87)	0.435
Hispanic vs White
Age <9 yrs	2.42 (0.05, 4.79)	0.045	2.33 (−0.04, 4.70)	0.054	2.44 (0.13, 4.76)	0.039	2.63 (0.31, 4.95)	0.026
Age 9–12 yrs	−0.40 (−2.96, 2.15)	0.758	−0.40 (−2.97, 2.16)	0.757	2.00 (−0.68, 4.68)	0.143	1.91 (−0.78, 4.61)	0.164
Age 12+ yrs	0.01 (−1.71, 1.72)	0.995	0.06 (−1.66, 1.77)	0.948	−1.61 (−3.68, 0.47)	0.129	−1.54 (−3.62, 0.54)	0.147

BMI, body mass index; CI, confidence interval; Δ, change

^aModel 1 adjusted for index visit age. Fully adjusted model adjusted for index visit age, health insurance status (commercial insurance as referent), and index visit blood pressure.

^bThe index visit refers to the first visit of record for each child