Table 3.
Odds Ratios, 95% Confidence Intervals, and P-values for prolonged maternal BM provision.
| MBM on day of life 30 | MBM at discharge | |||
|---|---|---|---|---|
| OR (95% CI) | P-value | OR (95% CI) | P-value | |
| Gestational age (weeks) | ||||
| <26 | Reference | Reference | ||
| 26–28 | 0.79 (0.68–0.93) | 0.004 | 1.32 (1.12–1.55) | 0.001 |
| 29–32 | 0.60 (0.51–0.71) | <0.001 | 2.10 (1.78–2.48) | <0.001 |
| >32 | 0.61 (0.42–0.88) | 0.008 | 2.66 (1.82–3.88) | <0.001 |
| Male sex | 1.04 (0.94–1.15) | 0.50 | 1.10 (0.99–1.21) | 0.07 |
| 5-min. Apgar score | ||||
| 0–3 | Reference | Reference | ||
| 4–6 | 1.17 (0.89–1.55) | 0.27 | 1.37 (1.00–1.86) | 0.05 |
| 7–10 | 1.26 (0.97–1.63) | 0.08 | 1.77 (1.33–2.36) | <0.001 |
| Maternal race | ||||
| White | Reference | Reference | ||
| Black | 0.58 (0.51–0.66) | <0.001 | 0.52 (0.46–0.60) | <0.001 |
| Hispanic | 1.05 (0.89–1.24) | 0.57 | 0.99 (0.84–1.16) | 0.87 |
| Other | 1.24 (0.96–1.61) | 0.10 | 1.37 (1.08–1.73) | 0.01 |
| Cesarean delivery | 0.89 (0.79–1.01) | 0.07 | 0.83 (0.74–0.94) | 0.003 |
| Maternal age (years) | ||||
| <20 | Reference | Reference | ||
| 20–29 | 1.54 (1.31–1.82) | <0.001 | 2.40 (1.98–2.91) | <0.001 |
| 30–39 | 1.90 (1.59–2.27) | <0.001 | 3.91 (3.20–4.78) | <0.001 |
| ≥40 | 1.14 (0.85–1.52) | 0.38 | 2.72 (2.00–3.69) | <0.001 |
| Prenatal care | 0.97 (0.76–1.24) | 0.79 | 0.96 (0.75–1.22) | 0.71 |
| Distance to NICU (miles) | ||||
| <10 | Reference | Reference | ||
| ≥10 and <20 | 1.12 (0.98–1.28) | 0.11 | 1.01 (0.88–1.14) | 0.93 |
| ≥20 | 0.95 (0.84–1.08) | 0.46 | 0.91 (0.80–1.03) | 0.13 |
| Less than high school education or GED* (%) | ||||
| <10 | Reference | Reference | ||
| ≥10 and <30 | 0.78 (0.69–0.89) | <0.001 | 0.73 (0.64–0.83) | <0.001 |
| ≥30 | 0.69 (0.58–0.83) | <0.001 | 0.63 (0.52–0.75) | <0.001 |
| Median household income* ($) | ||||
| <30,000 | Reference | Reference | ||
| 30,000–59,999 | 1.28 (1.10–1.48) | 0.001 | 1.40 (1.20–1.64) | <0.001 |
| ≥60,000 | 1.37 (1.11–1.68) | 0.003 | 1.54 (1.26–1.89) | <0.001 |
| Single female household* (%) | ||||
| <10 | Reference | Reference | ||
| ≥10 and <30 | 0.92 (0.80–1.07) | 0.27 | 1.00 (0.88–1.15) | 0.98 |
| ≥30 | 0.80 (0.67–0.96) | 0.02 | 0.82 (0.69–0.98) | 0.03 |
| Necrotizing enterocolitis | 0.67 (0.52–0.86) | 0.002 | 0.66 (0.49–0.88) | 0.005 |
| Late-onset sepsis | 0.81 (0.66–0.99) | 0.04 | 0.75 (0.60–0.94) | 0.01 |
| Donor breast milk provision | 0.60 (0.53–0.67) | <0.001 | 0.69 (0.61–0.78) | <0.001 |
*
Percentages and medians refer to individuals living in maternal census tract. CI, confidence interval; GED, general equivalency diploma; MBM, maternal breast milk; NICU, neonatal intensive care unit; OR, odds ratio.