Table 2.
Baseline clinical characteristics of participants in the VITAL trial and the subset of VITAL participants who enrolled in the VITAL-DKD trial
| Baseline Characteristic | All enrolled VITAL participants (N=25,871) | All enrolled VITAL participants with diabetes (N=3,402) | Participants enrolled in VITAL-DKD (N=1,326) |
|---|---|---|---|
| Demographics | |||
| Mean age (SD), years | 66.6 (7.1) | 66.6 (7.0) | 67.6 (6.9) |
| Sex, % Female | 13,079 (51) | 1,760 (52) | 615 (46) |
| Race/ethnicity, % | |||
| Non-Hispanic White | 18,046 (71) | 1,799 (54) | 869 (67) |
| African American | 5,106 (20) | 1,163 (35) | 278 (21) |
| Hispanic | 1,013 (4) | 195 (6) | 76 (6) |
| Asian/Pacific Islander | 388 (2) | 76 (2) | 35 (3) |
| American Indian/Alaskan Native | 228 (1) | 35 (1) | 14 (1) |
| Other/unknown | 523 (2) | 72 (2) | 28 (2) |
| Greater than high school education, % | 22,514 (87) | 2,705 (80) | 1,112 (84) |
| Medical history and lifestyle | |||
| Diabetes, %f | 3,402 (13) | 3,402 (100) | 1,326 (100) |
| Smoking, % | 1,836 (7) | 308 (9) | 79 (6) |
| Any alcohol use, % | 17,443 (69) | 1,715 (52) | 702 (54) |
| Medication and supplement use | |||
| Antihypertensive medication, %e | 13,167 (51) | 2,752 (82) | 1,056 (80) |
| Cholesterol-lowering medication, % | 9,524 (37) | 2,148 (65) | 918 (71) |
| Supplemental vitamin D (≤800 IU/dayj), % | 11,030 (43) | 1,229 (36) | 545 (41) |
| Supplemental calcium (≤1200 mg/dayk), % | 6,831 (26) | 744 (22) | 319 (24) |
| Physical characteristics | |||
| Mean body mass index (SD), kg/m2 | 28.1 (5.7) | 32.0 (6.9) | 31.4 (6.7) |
For categorical variables, entries are the number of participants in category and percent of nonmissing responses. For continuous variables, columns contain mean (standard deviation) for nonmissing responses. Prevalence of missing responses for all variables ranged from 0 to 2%.