Figure 2. Results: a) Satisfaction with intervention.

Mean attendance in the PMH+N group was significantly higher as compared with the C+N group (PMH+N mean=7.1, SD: 1.2 vs. C+N mean: 5.7, SD=1.7; p<0.015). b) and c) Parenting before and after the intervention as assessed by TWT. Improvements in ratings for positive parenting (mean change=2.1, p<0.02) and in parental involvement (mean improvement=1.0, p<0.01) in the PMH+N relative to baseline TWT response versus no significant improvement in the C+N group for positive parenting (mean change=0.6, p=ns) or parental involvement (mean change=0.2, p=ns) using blinded parent-child observer ratings in the TWT. Parental involvement during the TWT for the PMH+N group improved significantly [pre-treatment mean-scores=3.0 (SD=0.8), posttreatment mean-scores3.9 (SD=0.9); p<0.012] compared with no differences for the C+N group [pre-treatment mean-score=3.2 (SD=1.0), post-treatment mean-score=3.4 (SD=0.9); p<0.43]. Furthermore, there were significant improvements in positive parenting for the PMH+N group [pre-treatment mean-score=7.5 (SD=1.9), post-treatment mean-score9.6 (SD=2.4); p<0.015] compared with no differences for C+N [pre-treatment mean-score=7.9 (SD=2.5), post-treatment mean-score=8.4 (SD=2.9); p<0.55]. d) Child BMI percentile change in response to group intervention. Higher increase in child BMI percentile for the C+N versus the PMH+N group at post-vs-pre treatment assessment (BMI percentile change 12±25.5 vs. 1.1±16.1, respectively) Accounting for positive parenting led to a significant effects of Intervention group on child BMI percentile (F=5.39, p<0.03; Model R²=0.1665, p<.028; effect size f²=.17/ f=0.42, medium/large effect size).