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. Author manuscript; available in PMC: 2020 Mar 1.
Published in final edited form as: Wiley Interdiscip Rev Nanomed Nanobiotechnol. 2018 Apr 26;11(2):e1523. doi: 10.1002/wnan.1523

Figure 1. Biogenesis of OMVs.

Figure 1

Step1: Gram-negative bacteria cell envelop. In this stage, envelop proteins are homogenously distributed. Outer membrane is linked with peptidoglycan. Step2: Vesiculation initiation. The linking between outer membrane and peptidoglycan is lost through the movement of linking proteins or breaking the connection of outer membrane with peptidoglycan directly. Model A, B and C demonstrate three ways for OMVs production. Model A indicates the basal OMV production. Model B refers to the OMV production with enriched periplasma cargos. Model C shows the formation OMVs is located at specific proteins on the outer surface, and the dense proteins could induce the additional budding of OMV from gram-negative bacteria cell envelop.