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. 2018 Oct 26;8:15839. doi: 10.1038/s41598-018-34134-y

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© The Author(s) 2018

Open Access This article is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License, which permits use, sharing, adaptation, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, as long as you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons license, and indicate if changes were made. The images or other third party material in this article are included in the article’s Creative Commons license, unless indicated otherwise in a credit line to the material. If material is not included in the article’s Creative Commons license and your intended use is not permitted by statutory regulation or exceeds the permitted use, you will need to obtain permission directly from the copyright holder. To view a copy of this license, visit http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/.

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Pure culture of Streptomyces sp. TR2 from the Stanza degli Scudi, grown in different media and observed by scanning electron microscopy (SEM). (a) Purified mycelium of Streptomyces sp. TR2 isolated from western wall moonmilk and grown at 18 °C on a YPD-rich medium plate. (b) Magnification of the spore chain morphology of Streptomyces sp. TR2 in the white square in (a); the diameters of the two spores are 642,7 nm and 717,15 nm (c–e) A pure culture of Streptomyces sp. TR2 grown in synthetic medium supplemented with CaCO₃ without glucose, is producing calcium sulfate (see Figure S4c). (c) Spheroidal elements (dashed white arrow) corresponding to calcium sulfate are embedded in the mycelium (see also Figure S5). (d) A spore chain (white arrow) and a calcium sulfate deposit originate from the mycelium; the calcium sulfate shape could correspond to a spore chain mark. In (e), a spore chain (white arrow) is embedded in a calcium sulfate deposit (dashed white arrows), suggesting a complete adherence to the bacteria. (f) A pure culture of Streptomyces sp. TR2, grown in YPD medium supplemented with urea is producing calcium carbonate (see also Figures S5c and S8).