Figure - PMC

Skip to main content

An official website of the United States government

Here's how you know

Here's how you know

Official websites use .gov
A .gov website belongs to an official government organization in the United States.

Secure .gov websites use HTTPS
A lock ( ) or https:// means you've safely connected to the .gov website. Share sensitive information only on official, secure websites.

View full-text article in PMC

. 2018 Oct 26;8:15868. doi: 10.1038/s41598-018-33776-2

Search in PMC
Search in PubMed
View in NLM Catalog
Add to search

© The Author(s) 2018

Open Access This article is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License, which permits use, sharing, adaptation, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, as long as you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons license, and indicate if changes were made. The images or other third party material in this article are included in the article’s Creative Commons license, unless indicated otherwise in a credit line to the material. If material is not included in the article’s Creative Commons license and your intended use is not permitted by statutory regulation or exceeds the permitted use, you will need to obtain permission directly from the copyright holder. To view a copy of this license, visit http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/.

PMC Copyright notice

Auditory naming task. (A) The task is also known as an auditory description naming task^7,72. In each trial, a given participant listened to a sentence question and overtly named a relevant answer. The duration of sentence stimuli ranged from 1 to 2.5 s (median: 1.8 s). The response time was defined as the period between stimulus offset and response onset. (B) The timing and nature of cerebral functions required to complete the task are hypothesized based on previous literature^1–3. Phonological processing occurs during stimulus presentation. Simultaneously, working memory maintenance is exerted to maintain a set of words as a single ‘chunk’ for a short time; accordingly, the memory maintenance load is expected to be larger during the latter half of the sentence compared to during the former half². The present study will test the specific hypothesis that inferior-precentral high-gamma augmentation during sentence listening would be at least in part attributable to verbal working memory maintenance operation, by contrasting activation patterns during two different tasks. Semantic/syntactic function is believed to be exerted maximally around question offset and after; simultaneously, working memory scanning is expected to identify a match between internally generated responses and the externally provided question^1,2. We will determine if cortical activation at a given region after stimulus offset (i.e.: judgement period) would be attributable or non-attributable to this working memory scanning operation.