Table 1.
Baseline characteristics of the subjects.
| Parameter (Unit) [Reference Interval]* | Control | Type 2 Diabetes | p Value | BMI adjusted p Value |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| N | 57 | 51 | — | — |
| Male % | 42.1 | 51.9 | ns | — |
| Age (years) | 53.7 ± 7.7 | 57.1 ± 10.3 | ns | — |
| Weight (kg) | 72.8 ± 18.0 | 84.7 ± 16.4 | <0.01 | — |
| BMI (kg/m2) | 25.7 ± 4.1 | 30.6 ± 5.5 | <0.001 | — |
| Waist (cm) | 87.7 ± 12.7 | 103.5 ± 11.7 | <0.001 | — |
| Systolic BP (mmHg) | 124 ± 20 | 146 ± 14 | <0.001 | <0.001 |
| Diastolic BP (mmHg) | 75 ± 10 | 67 ± 31 | ns | ns |
| Fasting Glucose (mg/dl) [70–105] | 94.1 ± 9.4 | 153.7 ± 45.0 | <0.001 | <0.001 |
| Insulin (µUI/mL) [2.0–14.0] | 7.19 ± 2.62 | 12.56 ± 6.57 | <0.001 | <0.05 |
| HOMA-IR [0.0–3.8] | 1.63 ± 0.73 | 4.55 ± 2.73 | <0.001 | <0.001 |
| HbA1c (%) [4.0–5.6] | 5.3 ± 0.3 | 7.1 ± 1.2 | <0.001 | <0.001 |
| Total cholesterol (mg/dl) [80–200] | 203.7 ± 34.5 | 158.7 ± 39.1 | <0.001 | <0.001 |
| HDL-c (mg/dl) [35–70] | 57.2 ± 19.7 | 43.5 ± 9.8 | <0.001 | <0.01 |
| LDL-c (mg/dl) [40–150] | 126.5 ± 29.5 | 87.0 ± 31.7 | <0.001 | <0.001 |
| Triglycerides (mg/dl) [30–150] | 90.5 (62.8; 150.5) | 132.0 (92.8; 164.8) | <0.01 | ns |
| hs-CRP (mg/l) [0.0–1.69] | 1.17 (0.44; 2.17) | 2.45 (1.22; 5.39) | <0.01 | ns |
Data are shown as mean ± SD for parametric variables and were compared by a Student’s t test, or as median (25th and 75th percentiles) for non-parametric variables and were compared by a Mann–Whitney U test. A univariate general linear model was used to adjust changes by BMI. To compare proportions among groups, Chi-Square test was used.
*Reference intervals according to the service of clinical analysis of our hospital were taken into account for the interpretation of clinical laboratory results.