Table 1.
Baseline characteristics by waist circumference quintile (cm) in the Korean National Health Insurance Cohort, 2009–2015
| % | Male | Female | ||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Q1 (≤76) | Q2 (77–81) | Q3 (82–85) | Q4 (86–90) | Q5 (≥91) | Q1 (≤68) | Q2 (69–73) | Q3 (74–77) | Q4 (78–83) | Q5 (≥84) | |
| No. | 2,160,039 | 2,536,624 | 2,294,267 | 2,511,520 | 2,148,838 | 2,309,344 | 2,330,322 | 1,908,544 | 2,354,680 | 2,325,027 |
| Follow up, years | 5.4 ± 1.2 | 5.4 ± 1.2 | 5.4 ± 1.2 | 5.4 ± 1.2 | 5.3 ± 1.2 | 5.2 ± 1.2 | 5.3 ± 1.2 | 5.3 ± 1.2 | 5.3 ± 1.2 | 5.3 ± 1.3 |
| Age, year | ||||||||||
| 20–39 | 49.4 | 39.0 | 31.2 | 27.4 | 27.7 | 52.9 | 29.5 | 17.7 | 11.0 | 8.2 |
| 40–59 | 35.8 | 44.9 | 50.0 | 50.9 | 48.1 | 40.8 | 57.7 | 60.4 | 55.5 | 45.1 |
| 60–79 | 13.6 | 15.4 | 18.3 | 20.8 | 23.2 | 5.5 | 11.8 | 20.5 | 31.5 | 43.6 |
| ≥80 | 1.2 | 0.9 | 0.8 | 0.9 | 1.0 | 0.8 | 1.0 | 1.4 | 2.1 | 3.1 |
| Mean ± SD | 42.1 ± 14.8 | 44.8 ± 13.8 | 47.0 ± 13.4 | 48.3 ± 13.3 | 48.8 ± 13.7 | 38.5 ± 12.7 | 45.0 ± 13.0 | 49.6 ± 13.0 | 53.7 ± 13.0 | 57.2 ± 13.3 |
| Body mass index, kg/m2 | ||||||||||
| <18.5 | 11.4 | 0.8 | 0.2 | 0.1 | 0.03 | 23.7 | 3.3 | 1.0 | 0.4 | 0.1 |
| 18.5–22.9 | 76.9 | 54.4 | 26.6 | 9.2 | 1.5 | 73.2 | 76.0 | 51.0 | 25.7 | 5.8 |
| 23.0–24.9 | 10.0 | 34.2 | 44.1 | 32.5 | 9.5 | 2.7 | 17.5 | 34.4 | 37.7 | 17.2 |
| ≥25.0 | 1.6 | 10.6 | 29.1 | 58.3 | 89.0 | 0.4 | 3.2 | 13.7 | 36.2 | 76.8 |
| Mean ± SD | 20.8 ± 1.9 | 22.8 ± 1.8 | 24.1 ± 1.8 | 25.4 ± 1.9 | 27.9 ± 2.6 | 19.7 ± 1.7 | 21.6 ± 1.8 | 23.0 ± 2.0 | 24.4 ± 2.2 | 27.2 ± 3.1 |
| Current smoking | 50.9 | 46.1 | 43.4 | 42.1 | 42.3 | 4.9 | 4.2 | 3.8 | 3.6 | 3.9 |
| Heavy drinking | 11.0 | 13.0 | 14.0 | 15.3 | 17.4 | 1.4 | 1.3 | 1.2 | 1.1 | 1.1 |
| Regular physical activity | 17.9 | 20.2 | 20.7 | 20.4 | 19.2 | 12.3 | 15.7 | 16.9 | 16.9 | 15.3 |
| Hypertension | 13.3 | 20.2 | 26.9 | 33.9 | 45.3 | 6.2 | 13.1 | 21.5 | 32.1 | 48.6 |
| Type 2 diabetes | 4.8 | 7.5 | 10.2 | 12.9 | 17.9 | 1.5 | 3.3 | 5.9 | 9.8 | 17.8 |
| Hyperlipidemia | 7.6 | 13.4 | 18.2 | 22.4 | 27.9 | 6.7 | 13.0 | 19.8 | 27.1 | 36.0 |
| Menopause | — | — | — | — | — | 18.3 | 34.9 | 50.1 | 63.1 | 73.2 |
| Socioeconomic status, lowa | 20.2 | 17.4 | 16.8 | 16.8 | 17.7 | 23.6 | 24.9 | 25.2 | 25.0 | 25.1 |
SD standard deviation.
All Ptrend < 0.001.
aLowest quartile of the insurance premium