Table 1.

Summary of the number of resource pairs that show specific patterns of observed versus expected incidence of pleiotropy for all mutations, or only for beneficial mutations

Number of resource pairs showing:	All mutations	Beneficial mutations
Antagonistic pleiotropy (AP)
Obs > Exp	14	0
Obs < Exp	39	110
Obs = Exp	2	0
Synergistic pleiotropy (SP)
Obs > Exp	46	0
Obs < Exp	9	109
Obs = Exp	0	1

Observed and expected proportions of AP or SP were designated as significantly different (Obs > Exp or Obs < Exp) when P < 0.05 for a Student's t‐test comparing the observed proportion of AP or SP with the mean of the null distribution for each resource pair (see Fig. 1C–E). Null distributions of the incidence of AP and SP are shown in Figs. S11–S14.