Table 1.
Sociodemographic and clinical characteristics of TB patients by pre-DM and DM status, Pune, India
| Confirmed TB |
|||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Characteristics | Overall (n = 890) n (%) |
No DM (n = 432) n (%) |
Pre-DM (n = 296) n (%) |
DM (n = 162) n (%) |
P value |
| Sex | |||||
| Male | 589 (66) | 259 (60) | 205 (69) | 125 (77) | <0.001 |
| Female | 301 (34) | 173 (40) | 91 (31) | 37 (23) | |
| Age, years, median [IQR] | 32 [24–44] | 27 [23–35] | 30 [24–43] | 47 [40–55] | <0.001 |
| Age group, years | <0.001 | ||||
| <25 | 281 (32) | 180 (42) | 96 (32) | 5 (3) | |
| 25–40 | 347 (39) | 187 (43) | 120 (41) | 0 (25) | |
| >40 | 262 (29) | 65 (15) | 80 (27) | 4117 (72) | |
| Location | |||||
| Urban | 820 (92) | 403 (93) | 270 (91) | 147 (91) | 0.42 |
| Rural | 70 (8) | 29 (7) | 26 (9) | 15 (9) | |
| Smoked tobacco products | 890 | 432 | 296 | 162 | 0.30 |
| Non-smoker | 723 (81) | 356 (82) | 232 (78) | 135 (83) | |
| Smoker | 167 (19) | 76 (18) | 64 (22) | 27 (17) | |
| Alcohol | |||||
| No | 625 (70) | 298 (69) | 209 (71) | 118 (72) | 0.66 |
| Yes | 265 (30) | 134 (31) | 87 (29) | 44 (27) | |
| CAGE* | 0.84 | ||||
| <2 | 117 (44) | 59 (44) | 37 (43) | 21 (48) | |
| ⩾2 | 148 (56) | 75 (56) | 50 (57) | 23 (52) | |
| Household income, INR/month† | 0.27 | ||||
| <5000 | 208 (25) | 107 (27) | 70 (25) | 31 (20) | |
| >5000 | 625 (75) | 296 (73) | 205 (75) | 124 (80) | |
| Education | 0.003 | ||||
| More than primary | 644 (72) | 329 (76) | 215 (73) | 100 (62) | |
| None or primary | 246 (28) | 103 (24) | 81 (27) | 62 (38) | |
| Religion | 0.04 | ||||
| Non-Hindu | 214 (24) | 88 (20) | 82 (28) | 44 (27) | |
| Hindu | 676 (76) | 344 (80) | 214 (72) | 118 (73) | |
| Anemia‡ | 0.05 | ||||
| No | 59 (86) | 364 (84) | 247 (85) | 148 (92) | |
| Yes | 7123 (14) | 66 (15) | 44 (15) | 13 (8) | |
| HIV | 0.56 | ||||
| Negative | 529 (93) | 255 (93) | 173 (91) | 101 (94) | |
| Positive | 42 (7) | 19 (7) | 17 (9) | 6 (6) | |
| Body mass index§ | <0.001 | ||||
| Normal | 250 (28) | 102 (23) | 65 (22) | 83 (51) | |
| Underweight | 603 (68) | 326 (75) | 213 (72) | 64 (40) | |
| Overweight | 37 (4) | 4 (1) | 18 (6) | 15 (9) | |
*
CAGE score determines high alcohol dependence.
†
US$1 = 64 INR.
‡
Defined as hemoglobin < 8 g/dl.
§
Underweight: <18.5 kg/m2; normal: 18.5–24.9 kg/m2; overweight: >25 kg/m2.
TB = tuberculosis; DM = diabetes mellitus; IQR = interquartile range; CAGE = 1) Have you ever felt you needed to cut down on your drinking? 2) Have people annoyed you by criticizing your drinking? 3) Have you ever felt guilty about drinking? 4) Have you ever felt you needed a drink first thing in the morning (eye-opener) to steady your nerves or to get rid of a hangover? INR = Indian rupee; HIV = human immunodeficiency virus.